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Nature：论文引用及同行评审中的“性别歧视”

2013-12-13 褚平 褚平博客

论文引用同行评审性别
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据《自然》（Nature）报道，日前科学家发现，在学术出版系统的存在严重的性别差异。研究人员利用 Web of Science 数据库，检索了 2008-2012 年之间发表的科学论文，包括作者姓名和工作单位。那些非同行评议的学术论文或者被认为不是“对学术知识的原创贡献”的排除在统计之外，如给编辑的信函，书评等。然后对作者进行赋分，将作者署名位置的重要性视为资深作者、第一作者等等。最后确定所有论文

据《自然》（Nature）报道，日前科学家发现，在学术出版系统的存在严重的性别差异。研究人员利用 Web of Science 数据库，检索了 2008-2012 年之间发表的科学论文，包括作者姓名和工作单位。那些非同行评议的学术论文或者被认为不是“对学术知识的原创贡献”的排除在统计之外，如给编辑的信函，书评等。然后对作者进行赋分，将作者署名位置的重要性视为资深作者、第一作者等等。最后确定所有论文的性别构成，编制名称列表。

研究人员确认了 2700 万名作者中 65.2% 的性别身份之后，对其进行分析。分析结果发现，在学术研究中，存在性别对学术论文的同行评议或者被引用情况的不同差异，而是全球性的普遍现象。论文第一作者的性别和引用情况:如果论文的关键位置是女性作者，其论文的被引频次要少于男性作者处于论文的关键位置的引用；如果仅仅只有一个作者的论文，或者是与国内作者的合作论文、与国际作者的合作论文，这种情况依然存在。下图足以说明，图 1 中数字反映相对引用的平均数量。


Nature：性别对学术论文同行评审或引用的影响
主要作者性别与学术论文相对引用情况

Nature：性别对学术论文同行评审或引用的影响
世界男女作者比例示意图

研究人员表示，虽然女性数量超过男性，但是我们知道教授当中绝大多数是男性，而女性很少，因此无论是在研究论文的作者当中还是在研究论文的引用中女性同样都很少。对于一篇以女性作为第一作者的论文，有将近两篇论文则是以男性为第一作者， 这项研究首次将世界各地和跨学科的差距真正定量化。尽管人们一直努力倡导男女平等，但是男女不平等现象依然存在。女性人口数量基本上与男性持平，占全球人口总数的一半，如果我们排除她们的确是一个非常严重的问题。

原文出处：
Vincent Larivière, Chaoqun Ni, Yves Gingras, Blaise Cronin & Cassidy R. Sugimoto. Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science. Nature, 11 December 2013; doi:10.1038/504211a


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    2014-10-26 liye789132251

    #Nat#

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    2014-11-10 wincls

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    2013-12-15 neurosurgeon

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    2013-12-15 ms8888626721583891

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