Neuron:光疗可以显著改善阿尔兹海默症的神经退行性变

2019-05-29 佚名 生物通

MIT的研究人员发现,光疗可以增强突触功能,防止阿尔兹海默症患者的神经细胞死亡。新研究建立在他们先前研究的基础上,5月发表在《Neuron》杂志。

MIT的研究人员发现,光疗可以增强突触功能,防止阿尔兹海默症患者的神经细胞死亡。新研究建立在他们先前研究的基础上,5月发表在《Neuron》杂志。



光疗被用来治疗许多精神健康问题,包括季节性情感障碍、双相抑郁、慢性抑郁障碍和市面。目前的研究表明,它对痴呆症也有用。

视交叉上核(suprachiasmatic nucleus)是负责调节清醒-睡眠周期的脑区,痴呆症患者的周期经常受到干扰,因为大脑的这一区域受到了损伤。光疗法被认为可以改善痴呆患者的清醒-睡眠周期紊乱。

此外,光疗法已被证明可以减少阿尔茨海默病或相关痴呆(ADRD)患者的攻击性行为。

神经退行性变“基本上得到了预防
这项研究于5月7日发表在《Neuron》杂志上,研究人员发现明亮的光疗法有助于神经元和小胶质细胞(一种在大脑中发现的免疫细胞)清除淀粉样斑块和炎症。

MIT的蔡立慧博士说,这种治疗方法“在很大程度上防止了”神经变性。

光疗法可以减少炎症,增强突触功能,并保护阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型免受细胞死亡的影响。

蔡立慧博士之前的研究调查了特定频率下LED灯闪烁能显著降低小鼠模型大脑中的β-淀粉样蛋白斑块。

研究表明,这种疗法能诱发一种叫做伽玛振荡(gamma oscillations)的脑电波,这种脑电波可抑制β-淀粉样蛋白斑块的产生,并增加有助于破坏这些斑块的细胞的活性。

“非常令人震惊”
在这项新研究中,蔡博士和研究小组使用了两种不同类型的携带阿尔兹海默遗传基因小鼠。

一种小鼠含有一个Tau蛋白的突变版本,被命名为Tau P301S,另一种被编程为产生一种叫做p25的蛋白,被命名为CK-p25。已知Tau突变可引起神经纤维缠结。同样,p25蛋白会引起严重的神经变性。

给小鼠每天一小时的视觉刺激,持续三到六周。治疗3周后,Tau P301S小鼠未出现神经变性。相比之下,未经光照处理的Tau P301S小鼠的神经元减少了15%到20%。

CK-p25小鼠接受6周的治疗,也没有出现神经变性。

“我研究p25蛋白已有20多年,我知道这是一种具有非常神经毒性的蛋白,我们发现,治疗组和未治疗组的p25的转基因表达水平完全相同,但治疗组没有表现出神经变性,这是我们从未见过的,太令人震惊了,”通讯作者蔡立慧说。

“一个有前途的战略”
进一步研究表明,在未接受光疗的小鼠的神经元中,与DNA修复、突触功能和小泡运输相关的基因表达较低,而小泡运输是正确突触功能的关键环节。

经过处理的小鼠这些基因表现出显著的高表达,以及大脑不同区域之间更高数量的突触和更大的脑电波同步。

通过对小胶质细胞的研究发现,未经治疗的小鼠炎症基因表达增加,而经治疗的小鼠炎症基因表达减少。

这表明小胶质细胞是对抗炎症和减少能够形成有害淀粉样斑块和神经纤维缠结分子数量的关键因素,但导致这些有益变化的确切机制尚不清楚。

蔡博士解释说:“很多人一直在问我,小胶质细胞是否是这种有益效果中最重要的细胞类型,但老实说,我们真的不知道。”

“毕竟,振荡是由神经元引起的,我仍然认为它们是主要的调节器。我认为振荡本身一定会触发一些细胞内事件,就在神经元内部,并且不知何故它们受到保护。”

研究结论如下:

我们的研究支持了这样一种观点,即控制神经网络振荡可能代表一种有希望的策略,以减轻与神经疾病相关的病理变化和行为表现缺陷。

现在将进一步研究光疗法是否对晚期阿尔茨海默病有效。人类的第一阶段临床试验也已经开始。这些研究将测试光和声音刺激对阿尔茨海默病患者的疗效。

原始出处:Adaikkan C, Middleton SJ, Marco A, et al. Gamma Entrainment Binds Higher-Order Brain Regions and Offers Neuroprotection Neuron. 2019 May 2.

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    2019-06-22 by2021
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    2019-12-14 俅侠
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    2019-07-21 12442b5em33暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2019-06-02 yjs木玉

    好好好好

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    2019-05-29 坚强007

    向挑战病魔的科研人员致敬!

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