Ophthalmology:传染性角膜炎的全新治疗概况!

2017-09-27 cuiguizhong MedSci原创

加利福尼亚大学弗朗西斯·普罗克特基金会的Austin A近日在Ophthalmology发表了一篇综述,系统性的介绍了传染性角膜炎的最新治疗措施。

加利福尼亚大学弗朗西斯·普罗克特基金会的Austin A近日在Ophthalmology发表了一篇综述,系统性的介绍了传染性角膜炎的最新治疗措施。

传染性角膜炎是全球性视觉障碍和失明的主要原因,常常影响易感人群。对于致病生物的正确诊断至关重要。尽管将致病微生物进行培养仍然是目前主流的诊断方法,但也出现一些新的技术,如体内共聚焦显微镜,对诊断真菌和棘阿米巴有帮助。另外,对于常规方法难以培养的致病微生物,下一代测序技术可以帮助进行早期准确诊断。

到目前,局部抗生素仍然是细菌性角膜炎的最佳治疗方法。最近的一项综述发现所有常用的局部抗生素都具有同等的效力。然而,角膜炎的并发症,如角膜融化、瘢痕形成和穿孔等治疗结果仍然很差。对此,需要减少与角膜炎相关的免疫反应,进行相应的辅助疗法,包括局部使用皮质类固醇。大量随机对照的角膜溃疡类固醇试验发现,虽然类固醇在总体没有显着改善治疗情况,但它们对中枢、深层或大型非诺卡氏菌、经典侵入性铜绿假单胞菌的溃疡有益。同时发现,真菌性溃疡常常比细菌性溃疡具有更差的临床治疗效果。自20世纪60年代开始局部使用纳他霉素治疗,到目前没有新的治疗措施。随机对照的真菌性溃疡治疗试验(MUTT)I显示,在真菌性溃疡,特别是在镰刀菌引起的真菌性溃疡中,局部使用纳他霉素比局部使用伏立康唑治疗效果更理想。 MUTT II显示,口服伏立康唑在镰刀菌溃疡中有一些疗效,但对于整体没有改善。鉴于不良事件增多,作者得出结论,他们不建议口服伏立康唑。

病毒性角膜炎与细菌和真菌引起的角膜炎不同,它在发达国家中经常是复发性的、常见的。疱疹眼病研究(HEDS)I发现,局部使用皮质类固醇和口服阿昔洛韦对基质性角膜炎具有显着的疗效。 HEDS II显示,口服阿昔洛韦可以使任何类型的单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎的复发率减少大约一半。

这些工作表明,减少传染性角膜炎相关的发病率可以有多种策略。辅助治疗的目的是改变对感染免疫应答,来最大潜力的改善临床治疗效果。

原文出处:

Austin, A., T. Lietman, and J. Rose-Nussbaumer, Update on the Management of Infectious Keratitis. Ophthalmology, 2017.

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    2018-07-01 xzw113
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    2017-09-29 snowpeakxu
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