Cell:邢周团队开发下一代吸入式新冠疫苗,保护作用更广泛、更持久

2022-02-11 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

当前新冠突变株不断出现,而当前的新冠疫苗大多针对新冠病毒的刺突蛋白,而突变株的刺突蛋白不断变异,导致疫苗保护效果下降。因此需要一款能够很好地对抗任何突变株的新冠疫苗,从而实现更广泛、更持久的保护。

当前新冠突变株不断出现,而当前的新冠疫苗大多针对新冠病毒的刺突蛋白,而突变株的刺突蛋白不断变异,导致疫苗保护效果下降。因此需要一款能够很好地对抗任何突变株的新冠疫苗,从而实现更广泛、更持久的保护。此外,目前疫苗产能和供应不足,限制了一些地区的疫苗接种,不利于全球疫情防控。

2022年2月8日,加拿大麦克马斯特大学邢周团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 发表了题为:Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 的研究论文。

研究团队开发了一种吸入式新冠疫苗,证实该候选疫苗可以针对新冠病毒的原始毒株和突变株提供广泛、持久的保护,并揭示了这种将疫苗直接递送进呼吸道而不是传统注射方式的免疫机制和显着益处。

研究团队表示,由于吸入式疫苗是通过呼吸道首先进入人体的肺部和上呼吸道,因此在诱导保护性免疫反应方面要有效得多。

该论文是在小鼠模型上进行的临床前研究,该研究提供了关键的概念证明,目前正在已经接种过两剂mRNA疫苗的健康成年人中进行1期临床试验,以评估这种吸入式新冠疫苗的安全性。

该研究的领导者邢周教授表示,目前已经获批的新冠疫苗都是注射式的,但是自己团队的多年研究表明,吸入式疫苗直接地送到肺部,能够诱导更全面的保护性呼吸道粘膜免疫。

此外,当前新冠突变株不断出现,而当前的新冠疫苗大多针对新冠病毒的刺突蛋白,而突变株的刺突蛋白不断变异,导致疫苗保护效果下降。因此需要一款能够很好地对抗任何突变株的新冠疫苗,从而实现更广泛、更持久的保护。

研究团队比较了麦克马斯特大学新冠疫苗中心开发的两种腺病毒载体疫苗平台(分别来自人和黑猩猩腺病毒),使用这些腺病毒作为疫苗递送载体,可以将疫苗直接递送到肺部而不会引起疾病或明显副作用。

这两种先病毒载体疫苗,表达了新冠病毒的刺突蛋白、核衣壳和RdRp抗原。后两者在冠状病毒中高度保守,并且不会像刺突蛋白那样快速突变。

实验结果显示,单剂量鼻内吸入接种,特别是黑猩猩来源的腺病毒载体疫苗,在诱导由局部和全身抗体反应、粘膜组织驻留记忆T细胞和粘膜免疫的先天免疫组成的三方保护性免疫方面优于肌肉注射接种。

此外,这种吸入式疫苗所需的接种量很低,仅需现有疫苗1%的即将即可达到最佳保护作用,这意味着可以大大降低现在的疫苗产能和供应压力,也有助于降低成本和价格。有望改变当前疫苗供应格局。

该研究进一步表明,这种鼻内吸入疫苗提供了对新冠原始毒株和Alpha、Beta突变株的防护。以腺病毒为载体的多价疫苗的呼吸道粘膜递送代表了一种有效的下一代疫苗策略,可诱导针对当前和未来新冠突变株的全面粘膜免疫,从而在在未来可能出现的大流行中提供先发制人的保护

原始出处:

Sam Afkhami, et al. Respiratory mucosal delivery of next-generation COVID-19 vaccine provides robust protection against both ancestral and variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Cell,2022. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.005.

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    2022-12-06 维他命
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    2022-02-11 小白努力长高高

    好文章,学习到了,谢谢。

    0