HHS:4种新的致癌物

2014-10-23 伊文 环球科学

美国健康与人类服务部(Department of Health and Human Services , HHS)编纂的可能致癌物名录中增加了4种新物质,包括一种清洁剂和一种木材防腐剂混合物。 已知的人类致癌物名录现在增加了邻-甲苯胺,这种物质多用来做橡胶助剂、农药和染料。最新的研究发现这种物质与人膀胱癌有关。 另有3种物质归属于“合理预期的人类致癌物”名录,包括1种叫做1-溴丙烷的清洁剂

美国健康与人类服务部(Department of Health and Human Services , HHS)编纂的可能致癌物名录中增加了4种新物质,包括一种清洁剂和一种木材防腐剂混合物。

已知的人类致癌物名录现在增加了邻-甲苯胺,这种物质多用来做橡胶助剂、农药和染料。最新的研究发现这种物质与人膀胱癌有关。

另有3种物质归属于“合理预期的人类致癌物”名录,包括1种叫做1-溴丙烷的清洁剂、1种木材防腐剂(五氯苯酚和异丙基苯的混合物)。这两种化学物质可以在石油产品甚至烟草烟雾中找到。

美国国立环境科学研究所和国家毒理学项目的负责人琳达 伯恩鲍姆(Linda Birnbaum)在一份声明中说:“鉴定出环境中使人易患癌症的物质(我们对癌症的预防能力)有助于癌症预防。这份名录为健康管理和研究机构提供了一个有价值的资源,也为公众提供了致癌物的信息,使人们能够主动减少接触该类物质。”

1983年,邻-甲苯胺被归为“合理预期的人类致癌物”。但是基于3个关于染料工人和2个关于橡胶化学品工人(这两个工种都有邻-甲苯胺的规律暴露)的研究, HHS的科学家重新评估了该物质。他们称,发现了足够的证据支持接触邻-甲苯胺与罹患膀胱癌相关,因此把其定为已知的人类致癌物。同时,实验大鼠也在经口摄入了邻-甲苯胺之后罹患了膀胱癌。

在美国,邻甲苯胺早已停产,但是HHS称,美国每年进口其至少1百万磅(相当于450吨)。人群中暴露风险较大的是化学工厂的工人,特别是用邻-甲苯胺生产橡胶助剂、染料、农药的工厂中的工人。

HHS的官员说,他们并未发现足够的证据证明人接触另外3种化学品后会罹患癌症,但是这些物质可以使实验大鼠和小鼠生癌。

实验中,啮齿类动物吸入了无色或淡黄色的液体溶剂1-溴丙烷的蒸汽后,皮肤、肺、大肠等脏器中出现了肿瘤。这种物质被用来清洁光学元件、电子产品和金属制品,也作为健康和环境危险物四氯乙烯的代替品被广泛地应用于干洗店。

根据HHS的研究回顾,吸入异丙基苯蒸汽的小鼠会出现肺癌和肝癌。异丙基苯是一种可燃性液体,气味和汽油差不多,煤焦油、石油和烟草烟雾中均含有该物质,它主要的用途是生产丙酮和苯酚。

五氯苯酚用于电线杆、木桩和篱笆桩的防腐处理,它可引起小鼠肝脏和其他脏器肿瘤。在小范围的人群实验中,接触该化合物(或暴露在其环境下)增加了罹患血液系统霍奇金淋巴瘤的风险,但是健康与人类服务部说现有证据还不足以把五氯苯酚归类为已知的人类致癌物。

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    2016-06-18 medcardio

    致癌物无所不在,很多就在身边

    0

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    2014-12-01 yige2015
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    2014-11-28 jawel

    可怕的危险因素

    0

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    2014-10-25 jambiya
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    2014-10-25 qjddjq

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争论结束,NRC确认甲醛是一种人类致癌物

据美国化学会《化学与工程新闻》(C&EN)周刊网站2014年8月8日报道,美国国家研究委员会(National Research Council ,简称NRC)在当天发布的一份报告中明确指出:甲醛是一种人类致癌物。 1 甲醛及其应用 甲醛(分子式:HCHO)又称蚁醛,是最简单的醛类化合物,通常情况下是一种可燃、无色及有刺激性的气体。易溶于水、醇和醚。35%~40%的甲醛水溶

世卫研究机构确定室外空气污染为新致癌物

当一个人走出家门,他可能就身处致癌物的包围中。这可不是危言耸听——10月17日,世界卫生组织(WHO)下属的国际癌症研究机构(IARC)对外宣布,确定室外空气污染为新的致癌物,致癌级别与吸烟、吃发霉的食物、遭受紫外线辐射、呼吸甲醛等归为一类。 “我们所呼吸的空气已经被致癌的混合物污染,它不仅对环境卫生产生威胁,也是主要的癌症致死原因之一。”国际癌症研究机构的一位负