Nature:合成生物学新高峰,用基因工程改造酵母“酿造”抗癌药物长春碱

2022-09-06 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

虽然马达加斯加长春花很常见,但提取1克长春碱需要2000公斤以上的马达加斯加长春花干叶。从2019年持续到2021年的这两种抗癌药物的短缺主要就是由于长春花干叶的供应延迟所致。

在2019年夏秋两季,一些癌症患者突然经历了治疗的中断,这是因为两种常用癌症化疗药物长春碱(vinblastine)和长春新碱(vincristine)的短缺。这两种药物是马达加斯加长春花(拉丁名 Catharanthus roseus)的天然产物,能够通过抑制微管蛋白聚合,妨碍纺锤体微管形成,从而抑制癌细胞分裂。

虽然马达加斯加长春花很常见,但提取1克长春碱需要2000公斤以上的马达加斯加长春花干叶。从2019年持续到2021年的这两种抗癌药物的短缺主要就是由于长春花干叶的供应延迟所致。

在马达加斯加长春花中,两种天然活性成分文多林(vindoline)和长春花碱(catharanthine),共同形成长春碱。

2022年8月31日,丹麦技术大学、加州大学伯克利分校等机构的研究人员在 Nature 发表了题为:A microbial supply chain for production of the anti-cancer drug vinblastine 的研究论文。

研究团队对酵母菌进行基因工程改造,以生产文多林(vindoline)和长春花碱(catharanthine),然后提纯这两种前体物质并通过偶联以生成长春碱(vinblastine)。

该技术使用酵母和简单的可再生物质(酵母培养基成分)来制造长春碱前体物质,生产过程不太容易受到疫情及疫情带来的物流问题的干扰,而且生产过程不再依赖植物,因此也不会受到植物病害和自然灾害的影响。

这项研究也是有史以来在微生物中重编程的最长的生物合成途径。

该论文的第一作者、丹麦技术大学张杰研究员表示,在过去几年里,我们已经看到了几次长春碱等药物的短缺事件,这种情况很可能在未来再次发生,而且可能会更加频繁。这项新研究提供了一种概念验证——通过基因工程酵母菌来生产抗癌药物。当然,最终实现经济、高效的生产,还需要进一步升级和优化这些细胞工厂。

长春碱属于所谓的单萜吲哚生物碱(Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids,MIA),MIA 具有强生物活性,可用于治疗各种疾病。然而,它们本身是高度复杂的有机分子,因此难以通过化学方式合成。

马达加斯加长春花

这项研究始于2015年,研究团队当时没有意识到长春碱面临短缺问题,而且当时还不清楚生产长春碱所需的完整途径。研究团队为了证明微生物细胞工厂制造所有单萜吲哚生物碱(MIA)的可行性,选择了长春碱。长春碱是其中已知的生成途径最复杂的,整个过程涉及30多个酶促反应。

因此,这项研究面临的最大挑战是如何对酵母菌细胞进行基因重编程以实现30多个酶促反应,并且还要确保重编程的细胞能够根据需要发挥作用,同时还要自我维持。

研究团队共计对酵母菌进行了56次基因编辑,包括异源表达34个植物基因,敲除、敲低和过表达10个酵母基因,将31步生物合成途径整合到酵母菌中。改造后的酵母菌生产出文多林(vindoline)和长春花碱(catharanthine),然后提纯这两种前体物质并通过偶联以生成长春碱(vinblastine)。

在酵母中生产长春碱的完整生物合成途径

研究团队表示,预计酵母将来可作为一个可扩展平台,用来生产3000多种单萜吲哚生物碱(MIA)以及数以百万计的自然产物的类似物。

该研究进一步强调了合成生物学的最新发展——将基因工程酵母用于药物生产。使用廉价和可再生的物质在工业规模的发酵罐中生产原本需要从植物中提取的药物,有望缓解将来的药物短缺问题,从而开创一个可持续的、更经济的,而且不依赖养殖/种植的药物生产新途径。

Jay D. Keasling 教授

该研究的通讯作者、丹麦技术大学/加州大学伯克利分校的 Jay D. Keasling 教授是合成生物学产业化先驱,早在2003年,他的实验室率先通过改造大肠杆菌用来生产抗疟疾药物青蒿素的前体分子。此外,Jay D. Keasling 教授还在中科院深圳先进院合成生物学研究所设立了实验室。

原始出处:

Zhang, J., Hansen, L.G., Gudich, O. et al. A microbial supply chain for production of the anti-cancer drug vinblastine. Nature (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05157-3.

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    2022-11-22 liye789132251
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    2022-09-07 sunylz
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1886015, encodeId=4e041886015ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Nov 22 02:56:04 CST 2022, time=2022-11-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1308284, encodeId=78461308284f9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6e495554550' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癌药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55545, encryptionId=6e495554550, topicName=抗癌药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=9fe6351, createdName=flyingeagle77, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 05:56:04 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1314905, encodeId=546e1314905bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4b5554131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癌药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55541, encryptionId=9d4b5554131, topicName=抗癌药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 05:56:04 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617955, encodeId=d9d1161e95553, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e88f6930185' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生物学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69301, encryptionId=e88f6930185, topicName=生物学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e44019811593, createdName=12498c32m74暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Sep 07 05:56:04 CST 2022, time=2022-09-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247367, encodeId=dd6e124e36742, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d1c1388306e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#合成生物学#</a>新高峰,用<a href='/topic/show?id=26b341e33ee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因工程#</a>改造<a href='/topic/show?id=a6709554810' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#酵母#</a>“酿造”抗癌药物<a href='/topic/show?id=f9d39696957' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长春碱#</a>,事实上,这条路一旦跑通,以后就可以合成任何化合物了,如紫杉醇等等,这样的话,效率等都会极大提升。不过有兴趣的是,酵母合成了长春碱,会不会把自己杀死?毕竟长春碱毒性很大呀。将来也许改造,让植物合成,会不会更好?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38830, encryptionId=d1c1388306e, topicName=合成生物学), TopicDto(id=41733, encryptionId=26b341e33ee, topicName=基因工程), TopicDto(id=95548, encryptionId=a6709554810, topicName=酵母), TopicDto(id=96969, encryptionId=f9d39696957, topicName=长春碱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Tue Sep 06 05:02:43 CST 2022, time=2022-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2022-09-06 小小医者

    #合成生物学#新高峰,用#基因工程#改造#酵母#“酿造”抗癌药物#长春碱#,事实上,这条路一旦跑通,以后就可以合成任何化合物了,如紫杉醇等等,这样的话,效率等都会极大提升。不过有兴趣的是,酵母合成了长春碱,会不会把自己杀死?毕竟长春碱毒性很大呀。将来也许改造,让植物合成,会不会更好?

    0

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