Nat Biotechnol:RISPR/Cas9意想不到的副作用

2014-06-24 佚名 中博瑞康专刊

目前,弗吉尼亚大学医学院的研究人员在《自然-生物技术》杂志上报告称,他们设计出了一种方法来检测风靡科学界的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,竟发现了其中意想不到的副作用。 称为CRISPR的基因打靶系统,可让我们编辑基因组中特定靶位点的遗传信息。这种新方法揭示的系统,有可能会结合意想不到的位点,导致其中一些位点发生基因突变,这些突变可能对药物疗法的研究与开发,产生严重的后果。 然而,这种

目前,弗吉尼亚大学医学院的研究人员在《自然-生物技术》杂志上报告称,他们设计出了一种方法来检测风靡科学界的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统,竟发现了其中意想不到的副作用。

称为CRISPR的基因打靶系统,可让我们编辑基因组中特定靶位点的遗传信息。这种新方法揭示的系统,有可能会结合意想不到的位点,导致其中一些位点发生基因突变,这些突变可能对药物疗法的研究与开发,产生严重的后果。

然而,这种新方法也可以确定一些途径,帮助阻止那些潜在危险的"脱靶"影响,让科学家们可以改进这种重要的新基因编辑系统所得到的结果。

基因突变和如何避免它们

弗吉尼亚大学生物化学和分子遗传学系的MazharAdli解释说,基因操作的一个主要目标是纠正有害突变,所以避免突变的意外引入,是至关重要的。

他说:"我们知道,基因突变是疾病的标志。总体目标是,改变这些明显的遗传突变--去纠正这些突变。我们想,仅在靶向空间、靶向位点改变这些信息。如果你想改变任何其他信息,从根本上说,你就会引入你不想要的突变。你纠正一个基因,可能你就会在10个其他基因和基因组中的其他许多部位引入突变。"

CRISPR:"研究的圣杯"

Adli的新研究,揭示了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统潜在的脱靶作用。该系统非常的受欢迎,因为它可让科学家操作活体哺乳动物基因组的特定部分,成为科学研究一种极其重要的工具。它已被迅速而广泛地采用,包括用于人类细胞研究,因为它相对简单,许多实验室都有资源来使用它。

Adli称:"从根本上说,你可以靶定活细胞中的任何基因组区域,并改变遗传信息,这在过去几十年里一直是研究中的圣杯。从根本上说,能够靶定和改变活细胞中的遗传信息,是一个梦想。"

这一新研究有助于解释支持CRISPR系统的机制,以及为什么它很容易受到脱靶基因突变的影响。

Adli称:"我们不仅发现了它在基因组中的结合区域,还研究了为什么它定位到基因组中的这些区域。通过分析这些脱靶效应背后的特定序列,我们也找出了决定因素--为什么它靶定目标,而且也转到这些脱靶区域?我们的研究表明,它定位在那里,是因为与原始靶向区域的一些相似性。"

"所以,我们的结果将有助于提高系统的特异性,以使我们能够最大限度地减少脱靶。"

主要的突变影响

Adli的这项研究也表明,在CRISPR系统使用的一种关键酶的自然野生型,与其改变的、不常用的酶形式相比,可引入更多的突变。前者在基因编辑过程中,切割DNA的双链,使突变发生,而后者只切割DNA的单链,使细胞能够修复损伤,而不引入突变。

他说:"很遗憾,野生型(自然发生的酶)更容易处理。所以,该领域的每个人都使用野生型酶。现在这篇论文和其他即将发表的论文中,他们将要停止使用野生型酶。他们必须使用改变了的酶形式,来克服脱靶效应。"

原始出处:

Kuscu C1, Arslan S2, Singh R3, Thorpe J4, Adli M4.Genome-wide analysis reveals characteristics of off-target sites bound by the Cas9 endonuclease.Nat Biotechnol. 2014 May 18. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2916. [Epub ahead of print]

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    2015-04-11 sunylz
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917048, encodeId=a593191e04800, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880131, encodeId=7fb41880131d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Dec 31 19:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927610, encodeId=fabf192e6103a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 15:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950087, encodeId=a969195008ea9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e1cc90, createdName=rebeccajiejie, createdTime=Sat Mar 28 05:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824187, encodeId=6a67182418e9f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Jan 01 09:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652102, encodeId=97301652102c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Fri Jan 09 08:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364971, encodeId=081913649e1bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624718, encodeId=05861624e1893, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-12-31 liye789132251
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    2014-12-06 cathymary
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917048, encodeId=a593191e04800, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880131, encodeId=7fb41880131d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Dec 31 19:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927610, encodeId=fabf192e6103a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 15:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950087, encodeId=a969195008ea9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e1cc90, createdName=rebeccajiejie, createdTime=Sat Mar 28 05:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824187, encodeId=6a67182418e9f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Jan 01 09:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652102, encodeId=97301652102c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Fri Jan 09 08:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364971, encodeId=081913649e1bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624718, encodeId=05861624e1893, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917048, encodeId=a593191e04800, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Sat Apr 11 22:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1880131, encodeId=7fb41880131d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Dec 31 19:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1927610, encodeId=fabf192e6103a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a59234e3b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biotech#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3473, encryptionId=a59234e3b4, topicName=Biotech)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=226a143, createdName=cathymary, createdTime=Sat Dec 06 15:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1950087, encodeId=a969195008ea9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f98b15504d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RISPR/Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15504, encryptionId=f98b15504d8, topicName=RISPR/Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e1cc90, createdName=rebeccajiejie, createdTime=Sat Mar 28 05:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824187, encodeId=6a67182418e9f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56a932e7800' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#副作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32778, encryptionId=56a932e7800, topicName=副作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Jan 01 09:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1652102, encodeId=97301652102c5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13d01e24509' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TEC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17245, encryptionId=13d01e24509, topicName=TEC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=852f24292001, createdName=shock_melon, createdTime=Fri Jan 09 08:44:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1364971, encodeId=081913649e1bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f66412ebd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas9#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4127, encryptionId=3f66412ebd, topicName=Cas9)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8346212, createdName=respect, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1624718, encodeId=05861624e1893, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0333412062' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cas#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4120, encryptionId=0333412062, topicName=Cas)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=411420689333, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Thu Jun 26 00:44:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2015-01-09 shock_melon
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    2014-06-26 respect
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    2014-06-26 yaanren