Nat Med:重磅!科学家组合四种策略 借免疫之力重创癌症

2016-10-27 佚名 生物谷

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借助机体自身免疫系统摧毁肿瘤是一个令科学家们非常着迷的研究方向,人们已经开始意识到这一策略中蕴藏的巨大潜力。来自美国MIT的一项最新进展或将肿瘤免疫治疗策略再推进一步。


在这项新研究中,研究人员将四种不同的治疗方法进行联合,激活免疫系统的两个分支,产生协调攻击攻击效果完全清除了小鼠模型体内的肿瘤。这种方法可以用来靶向许多不同类型的癌症,也能让免疫系统“记住”它们的攻击目标,摧毁最初治疗后新出现的癌细胞。

相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Nature Medicine上。

肿瘤细胞通常会分泌一些化学物质抑制免疫系统,导致免疫系统很难依靠自身力量对肿瘤发起攻击。而目前大多数的抗肿瘤免疫研究都只聚焦在免疫系统的两个分支——固有免疫和适应性免疫二者当中的一个。

去年该研究作者之一的Wittrup发现用抗体和IL-2同时治疗小鼠可以阻止侵袭性黑色素瘤的生长,再加入T细胞能够获得更好的治疗效果。与此同时,该研究另外一位作者Irvine的实验室开发了一种新型T 细胞疫苗,这种疫苗通过与血液中的白蛋白结合到达淋巴结,随后刺激产生大量能够对抗疫苗靶标的T细胞。

这两项研究出来之后,Irvine和Wittrup决定进一步合作看看将他们的治疗方法联合起来能够产生更好的应答效果。

最终的治疗方案由四部分组成:靶向肿瘤的抗体;靶向肿瘤的疫苗;IL-2;一种阻断T细胞表面PD1的分子。每种分子都大大增强了对肿瘤的免疫应答:抗体能够招募一些辅助免疫细胞帮助激活T细胞;疫苗能够刺激负责攻击肿瘤的T 细胞的增殖;IL-2帮助T细胞群体快速扩张;抗PD-1分子帮助T细胞延长活性时间。

研究人员在移植了三种不同类型肿瘤(黑色素瘤,淋巴瘤和乳腺肿瘤)的小鼠模型上检测了这种联合治疗方法的效果。这三种移植到小鼠体内的肿瘤经过了工程改造能够强烈抑制免疫应答,比移植到小鼠体内的人类肿瘤更加难以治疗。

研究人员发现在所有的肿瘤小鼠模型体内,大约75%的肿瘤被彻底清除。他们在六个月后将肿瘤细胞重新注射到相同的小鼠体内,发现小鼠的免疫系统仍然能够彻底清除肿瘤细胞。

以这种策略为模版,研究人员能够其他类型的抗体和疫苗组合在一起靶向不同肿瘤。该研究为未来彻底根治癌症提供了希望。

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    2016-11-06 xyfg98

    谢谢分享!

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    2016-11-04 明天会更好!

    希望会更好的造福人类!

    0

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    2016-11-04 明天会更好!

    希望会更好的造福人类!

    0

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    2017-09-30 liye789132251
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    2016-10-29 xxxx1054
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