RETROVIROLOGY :人类基因组中很早之前就已经植入了抗击HIV的病毒!

2017-06-28 佚名 Medicalxpress

在我们的演变过程中,病毒像今天一样,不断地感染人类。一些早期病毒融入我们的基因组,现在被称为人内源性逆转录病毒(HERV)。数百万年来,由于其遗传密码中的突变或重大缺失,它们变得惰性。目前,研究最多的HERV家族之一是HERV-K家族,自从人类和黑猩猩进化分裂以来,HERV-K家族已经活跃,有些成员可能在过去几十万年内积极地感染人类。

在我们的演变过程中,病毒像今天一样,不断地感染人类。一些早期病毒融入我们的基因组,现在被称为人内源性逆转录病毒(HERV)。数百万年来,由于其遗传密码中的突变或重大缺失,它们变得惰性。目前,研究最多的HERV家族之一是HERV-K家族,自从人类和黑猩猩进化分裂以来,HERV-K家族已经活跃,有些成员可能在过去几十万年内积极地感染人类。

HERV已成为艾滋病毒研究人员的目标,因为研究表明,T细胞在感染艾滋病毒的人体中产生针对HERV的免疫应答。现在认为HERV表达可以由HIV感染引起,并且通过针对HERV抗原而不是永久变异的HIV抗原。根据这个想法,日本熊本大学以前的研究表明,HIV-1组特异性抗原(Gag)和HERV-K Gag的组装与HIV-1的颗粒增殖和感染性降低有明显的相关性。在目前的研究中,研究人员试图以这种方式澄清HERV-K Gag如何影响HIV-1。

他们报告说,HERV-K Gag在组装的早期阶段改变后代HIV-1颗粒的大小和形态。这是因为HERV-K Gag衣壳(CA),即病毒蛋白壳,在质膜上与HIV-1Gag部分共定位(重叠)。这也导致成熟HIV-1颗粒数量减少,HIV-1释放和感染性降低。

“虽然我们发现HIV-1颗粒的释放效率和感染性受到HERV-K Gag的阻碍,”项目负责人Kazuaki Monde博士说,“它们似乎是两种独立机制的产物,HIV-1颗粒表达HERV-K Gag的细胞显着减少,但是感染性如何降低的细节仍然不清楚,需要对HERV-K CA进行更多的研究来确定如何能够降低艾滋病毒的颗粒释放和感染性 ”。

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    2018-05-09 ysjykql
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    2017-07-02 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

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    2017-06-30 jiyangfei

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