Nat Chem Bio:揭开常山酮抗自身免疫性疾病机制

2012-02-15 MedSci MedSci原创

约二千年以来,中医一直用一种通常称为常山的根提取物治疗疟疾,其中常山来自一类生长在西藏和尼泊尔的八仙花属植物。最近的研究表明,常山酮(溴氯哌喹酮)也可以用来治疗许多种自身免疫性疾病,其中常山酮是一种衍生自这种提取物活性成分的化合物。现在,哈佛大学牙科医学院的研究人员已经发现这种中草药提取物粉末背后的分子秘密。 已证明常山酮(HF)触发一种阻断一类有害免疫细胞发展的应激反应通路,这类有害免疫细胞称

约二千年以来,中医一直用一种通常称为常山的根提取物治疗疟疾,其中常山来自一类生长在西藏和尼泊尔的八仙花属植物。最近的研究表明,常山酮(溴氯哌喹酮)也可以用来治疗许多种自身免疫性疾病,其中常山酮是一种衍生自这种提取物活性成分的化合物。现在,哈佛大学牙科医学院的研究人员已经发现这种中草药提取物粉末背后的分子秘密。

已证明常山酮(HF)触发一种阻断一类有害免疫细胞发展的应激反应通路,这类有害免疫细胞称为Th 17细胞,它被牵涉入许多自身免疫性疾病中。

"HF防止自体免疫反应,不完全抑制免疫力",此项新研究的通讯作者、哈佛大学牙科医学院发育生物学教授 Malcolm Whitman说,"这种化合物能激发各种自身免疫性疾病的新治疗方法"。

"这项研究是一个如何解决传统草药分子机制的令人兴奋的例子,它可导致生理调节的新见解和治疗疾病的新方法",Tracy Keller说,他是Whitman实验室的一名讲师,也是此文章的第一作者。

这项研究包括一个马萨诸塞州总医院和其他地方的跨学科研究小组的研究人员,其中包括一个多学科小组的研究人员在和其他地方,它将被在线发表在2月12日的Nature Chemical Biology上。

以前的研究已经表明,HF减少组织内疤痕、硬皮症(一种皮肤紧缩症)、多发性硬化症、瘢痕形成甚至癌演进。"我们认为,HF必须作用于有许多下游效应的信号通路", Keller说。

在2009年,Keller和同事们报道,HF在不影响其他有益的免疫细胞情况下保护免受有害的Th17免疫细胞。自2006年被识别以来,Th 17细胞是暗含在许多象炎症性肠疾病、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症和牛皮癣一样的自身免疫性疾病的"糟糕反应物"。研究人员发现,小剂量HF降低小鼠模型上的多发性硬化症。照这样,它是药物的新军械库其中之一,这种药物选择性地抑制自身免疫性病理不整体性地抑制免疫系统。进一步分析表明,HF某种程度上打开一个参与新近发现的称为氨基酸反应通路(AAR)的基因。

科学家们最近才理解营养AAR传感通路在免疫调节与代谢信号中的作用。也有证据表明,它延长寿命并延迟热量限制动物研究中与年龄有关的炎症性疾病。作为一位分类自然资源保护学家,AAR让细胞知道它们什么时候需要保护资源。例如,当一个细胞感觉建造蛋白质的氨基酸的有限供应,AAR将阻断促进炎症的信号,因为发炎组织需要大量的蛋白质。

"想想停电期间我们如何保养小果汁我们离开我们的设备上,上述聊天支持紧急呼叫",Whitman说,"细胞利用类似的逻辑"。

对当前研究来说,研究人员调查研究HF如何激活AAR通路,寻找细胞用来将一个基因DNA编码翻译成构成蛋白质的氨基酸链的最基本过程。

研究人员能追击称为脯氨酸的单一氨基酸,并发现HF靶向且抑制一种特异酶(tRNA合成酶,EPRS),这种特异酶负责将脯氨酸掺入通常含有脯氨酸的蛋白质中。当这发生时,AAR响应踢掉砸开并产生HF治疗的疗效。

提供补充的脯氨酸逆转HF对Th 17细胞分化的效应,而添加回其他氨基酸没有逆转作用,为脯氨酸掺入建立HF特异性。补加的脯氨酸也逆转HF的其他治疗作用,抑制它抗疟疾的效应及与疤痕组织相关的特定细胞过程。再次,补充其他氨基酸却没有这样的效果。这样固定证据清楚地表明,HF特异地作用于受限制的脯氨酸。

研究人员认为,HF治疗模仿了细胞内脯氨酸丧失,这激活AAR反应,并随后冲击免疫调节。研究人员还没完全了解氨基酸限制在疾病反应中的作用或限制脯氨酸为什么抑制Th 17细胞的产生。

然而,"AAR通路显然是一个有趣的药物目标,且常山酮除了其潜在的治疗用途外是一种研究AAR通路的强大工具", Whitman说。

Halofuginone and other febrifugine derivatives inhibit prolyl-tRNA synthetase

Tracy L Keller, Davide Zocco, Mark S Sundrud, Margaret Hendrick, Maja Edenius, Jinah Yum, Yeon-Jin Kim, Hak-Kyo Lee, Joseph F Cortese, Dyann F Wirth, John David Dignam, Anjana Rao, Chang-Yeol Yeo, Ralph Mazitschek, Malcolm Whitman

ABSTRACT      Febrifugine, the bioactive constituent of one of the 50 fundamental herbs of traditional Chinese medicine, has been characterized for its therapeutic activity, though its molecular target has remained unknown. Febrifuginederivatives have been used to treat malaria, cancer, fibrosis and inflammatory disease. We recently demonstrated that halofuginone (HF), a widely studied derivative of febrifugine, inhibits the development of TH17-driven autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by activating the amino acid response (AAR) pathway. Here we show that HF binds glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase(EPRS), inhibiting prolyl-tRNA synthetase activity; this inhibition is reversed by the addition of exogenous proline or EPRS. We further show that inhibition ofEPRS underlies the broad bioactivities of this family of natural product derivatives. This work both explains the molecular mechanism of a promising family of therapeutics and highlights the AAR pathway as an important drug target for promoting inflammatory resolution.

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    2012-06-12 liye789132251
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    2012-04-13 xsm918
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    2012-09-20 sunylz
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