Sci Adv:从胎儿角度讲自然分娩也许适合

2017-10-25 尹海华 新浪

到底是自然产还是剖腹产?如果问周围的朋友,你可能会得到很多个不同的答案和解释。如果仅仅从胎儿的角度来讲,自然产也许是最适合他们的。近期发表在著名期刊《Science Advances》上的一篇文章就给出了确凿的证据。

到底是自然产还是剖腹产?如果问周围的朋友,你可能会得到很多个不同的答案和解释。如果仅仅从胎儿的角度来讲,自然产也许是最适合他们的。近期发表在著名期刊《Science Advances》上的一篇文章就给出了确凿的证据。

在这项研究中,来自纽约大学医学院的研究者发现,在断奶后15周,通过剖腹产出生的小鼠比自然产小鼠的体重增加多了33%,其中雌性小鼠的体重增加更是多了70%!

这是咋回事儿呢?

原来问题出在小小的微生物上——一类生活在人类肠道中的微生物群落。这些微生物经过数百万年的进化,在人体免疫消化和代谢中起着重要作用。但近几十年来,由于抗生素和剖腹产的使用,这些微生物的生存受到干扰,与此同时,肥胖症的发生率也翻了一番。这其中存在什么联系呢?

一个理论认为,剖腹产阻断了出生时母体对胎儿微生物的传播,而这些微生物对婴儿早期免疫系统和代谢的发育非常重要。

为了证实这一理论,研究人员将34只经剖腹产出生的小鼠与35只自然生产的小鼠进行比较。从出生到小鼠成年,研究人员记录了这些小鼠的体重,并使用基因组技术分析它们的肠道细菌DNA。过去的研究已经将关键的DNA序列与已知的细菌种类进行了匹配,所以研究人员能够确定每只小鼠的微生物组成,并观察剖腹产的影响。

随着体重增加,与自然产小鼠相比,剖腹产小鼠的肠道细菌种类表现出显着差异:自然产小鼠的微生物结构在研究过程中正常成熟,但在剖腹产小鼠中却没有。在这些小鼠中,微生物结构开始成熟得太早,但在随后的生命中却变得相对不成熟。这些结果证实了近期在人类婴儿中的一项发现,剖腹产出生减少了肠道微生物的多样性。

这项研究还表明,从母体传播到自然产小鼠的正常先锋微生物还能防止体重增加。因为在自然产小鼠中发现的主导微生物——拟杆菌属、罗红假单胞菌科和梭菌,曾被证明与较瘦的体型相关。

该研究主要作者、纽约大学医学院副教授Maria Dominguez-Bello博士说:“我们的研究首次证明了哺乳动物中剖腹产和体重增加之间的因果关系。”

如果真是这样,那应该怎么解决这个问题呢?由Dominguez-Bellob博士在2016年领导的一项研究提供了潜在的解决方案。这项研究发现,用母亲的出生体液包裹剖腹产的婴儿,可以部分恢复自然产时新生儿身体上的细菌混合物。

“还需要进一步的研究来确定某些细菌群体的优势是否可以防止肥胖,”Dominguez-Bello博士说:“我们的研究结果支持这样的假设:获得母体阴道中的微生物是正常免疫和代谢发育所必需的。”她继续说:“关于婴儿的初始微生物群体是否影响其未来的肥胖风险的问题变得越来越迫切,因为剖腹产正在被世界多个地区越来越多地使用。”

根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的统计,正常的剖腹产比例约为15%。然而,这种生育方式正在被滥用,比如巴西、伊朗等国家的剖腹产比例已经接近50%。

作为母亲,当然有权利选择分娩的方式,但我们也希望宝宝能得到最好的。希望无痛分娩可以更普及,让更多的孕妇不再因为害怕疼痛而选择剖腹产。

原始出处:

Keith A. Martinez, Joseph C. Devlin, Corey R. Lacher, et al. Increased weight gain by C-section: Functional significance of the primordial microbiome. Science Advances  11 Oct 2017: Vol. 3, no. 10, eaao1874. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1874.

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    2017-11-01 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-27 linlin2312
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    2017-10-25 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-25 有备才能无患

    一个理论认为.剖腹产阻断了出生时母体对胎儿微生物的传播.而这些微生物对婴儿早期免疫系统和代谢的发育非常重要

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=257708, encodeId=2f8925e70811, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Wed Nov 01 07:32:16 CST 2017, time=2017-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1275122, encodeId=b50212e5122d3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=263031541b4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分娩#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31541, encryptionId=263031541b4, topicName=分娩)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d590125, createdName=linlin2312, createdTime=Fri Oct 27 12:12:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255958, encodeId=5fca2559588d, content=学习一下谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 22:32:57 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255952, encodeId=5b0a2559524a, content=一个理论认为.剖腹产阻断了出生时母体对胎儿微生物的传播.而这些微生物对婴儿早期免疫系统和代谢的发育非常重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 21:59:09 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255942, encodeId=0148255942d0, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 21:44:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-25 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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