《荧光定量PCR技术在产前诊断中的应用专家共识》发布

2016-07-17 中华妇产科杂志 中华妇产科杂志

近年来,分子遗传学诊断技术发展迅速,荧光定量PCR(QF-PCR)技术、荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术、实时荧光PCR技术等已逐渐成熟,并开始向临床转化。为规范使用QF-PCR技术,由国家卫生计生委召集、中国医学科学院北京协和医院产前诊断中心组织相关专家制定了《荧光定量PCR技术在产前诊断中的应用专家共识》,供临床医生参考。 QF-PCR基于PCR扩增和毛细管电泳分离技术,通过定性、定量分

近年来,分子遗传学诊断技术发展迅速,荧光定量PCR(QF-PCR)技术、荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术、实时荧光PCR技术等已逐渐成熟,并开始向临床转化。为规范使用QF-PCR技术,由国家卫生计生委召集、中国医学科学院北京协和医院产前诊断中心组织相关专家制定了《荧光定量PCR技术在产前诊断中的应用专家共识》,供临床医生参考。
 

QF-PCR基于PCR扩增和毛细管电泳分离技术,通过定性、定量分析STR的多态性,可诊断出99.2%~100.0%目标染色体的非整倍体异常。此外,还能检测出三倍体和母体细胞污染,以及根据STR等位基因的个性化信息判别多余染色体的父亲或母亲来源,为临床提供更多的遗传信息。与其他分子诊断技术相比,QF-PCR技术可半自动化和批量检测,24~48 h内能得到结果,在高通量检测、价格低廉、可质量控制等方面具有突出优势,有望解决产前诊断技术资源的“缺口”问题。


QF-PCR技术是快速靶向分子诊断技术,主要针对21、18、13、X和Y共5种染色体的数目异常,并不能检测出所有的染色体异常。QF-PCR技术对高风险染色体异常(可导致异常临床表现)的漏诊风险是临床应用研究中需关注的重点。


近年来,世界其他地区的实验室也陆续进行了QF-PCR技术产前诊断的研究,并基本达成共识:在明确适应证的情况下,即当胎儿超声检查未显示结构异常,且孕妇无染色体异常家族史时,QF-PCR技术能可靠地用于常见染色体异常的产前诊断,有助于降低染色体核型分析检测量、减少产前诊断费用、缓解孕妇及家属的等待焦虑。


——全文刊登于2016年第5期《中华妇产科杂志》
会议推荐:2016生殖医学发展前沿论坛:http://www.bioon.com/z/2016repro-med/

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    2016-07-19 Tommy1950
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    2016-07-19 qilu_qi