卒中预防新指南,降压降脂目标有调整

2014-05-08 佚名 中国医学论坛报

近日美国心脏学会/美国卒中学会(AHA/ASA)发布了卒中预防指南,我国专家针对这部指南具体“新在哪儿?”进行了探讨,以下为各专家视点。指南下载北京协和医院彭斌教授对中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者,新指南的重要变化是对血压和血脂目标值进行了修订。血压目标值由低于140/90 mmHg修改为低于140 mmHg,更强调了收缩压的意义;降脂治疗取消了总胆固醇水平低于200 mg/L的目标,而强调强化他汀治疗方

近日美国心脏学会/美国卒中学会(AHA/ASA)发布了卒中预防指南,我国专家针对这部指南具体“新在哪儿?”进行了探讨,以下为各专家视点。指南下载

北京协和医院彭斌教授

对中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者,新指南的重要变化是对血压和血脂目标值进行了修订。血压目标值由低于140/90 mmHg修改为低于140 mmHg,更强调了收缩压的意义;降脂治疗取消了总胆固醇水平低于200 mg/L的目标,而强调强化他汀治疗方案的概念,这与2013年《 降低胆固醇降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险指南 》原则一致。

对发生卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者,在总原则不变的前提下,新指南对阿司匹林的剂量进行了修订,以325 mg的固定剂量取代过去指南中阿司匹林的剂量范围(50-325 mg)。

新指南建议对新发卒中或TIA的重度颅内动脉狭窄患者采用阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷(75 mg/d)90天治疗的策略,强调积极强化的抗血小板治疗在症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者中的重要作用。

对中重度颅内动脉狭窄患者,指南客观承认缺乏充分证据在氯吡格雷单药、阿司匹林联合双嘧达莫及西洛他唑单药中进行选择,不过这也可能是今后开展研究的方向。

北京天坛医院杜万良博士


新指南对隐源性卒中的病因诊断提出了切实可行的建议。

按照病因分类,1/4的卒中归因于隐源性卒中。实际上,在这些人中很多可以通过心脏和主动脉检查明确病因。长程心电监测有助于发现阵发性房颤,主动脉的影像学检查有助于发现动脉粥样斑块,经食管超声心动图和经颅多普勒(TCD)发泡试验有助于发现卵圆孔未闭。大约10%的缺血性卒中或TIA患者在住院期间能发现新的房颤。在出院后30天内,通过持续心电监测,又有11%的患者被发现有隐匿性房颤。使用置入式心脏监测,隐源性卒中36个月房颤检出率高达30%。

因而,持续心电监测对于隐源性卒中意义重大,不但有助于发现病因,更有助于正确地实施二级预防,主要是口服抗凝药的使用。

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    2014-06-27 chen111111

    不断修正调整的过程

    0

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