Nat Med:重磅!研究再次肯定HIV疫苗RV144的效用

2016-07-12 佚名 生物谷

日前,一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Medicine上的研究报告中,来自凯斯西储大学医学院的研究人员通过研究设计了一种新方法来开发抵御HIV的有效人类疫苗,文章中,研究者对恒河猕猴进行研究来再现RV144临床试验的结果,目前RV144是唯一已经检测的疫苗,III期临床试验中,其可以降低HIV的感染率。文章中,研究人员不仅概述了RV144疫苗的研究结果,同时还研究了是否用其它不同的佐剂来替代明矾佐

日前,一项刊登于国际杂志Nature Medicine上的研究报告中,来自凯斯西储大学医学院的研究人员通过研究设计了一种新方法来开发抵御HIV的有效人类疫苗,文章中,研究者对恒河猕猴进行研究来再现RV144临床试验的结果,目前RV144是唯一已经检测的疫苗,III期临床试验中,其可以降低HIV的感染率。

文章中,研究人员不仅概述了RV144疫苗的研究结果,同时还研究了是否用其它不同的佐剂来替代明矾佐剂,MF59就可以降低猿猴免疫缺陷病毒的感染率并且产生一种更加有效的疫苗,明矾佐剂是一种非活体疫苗中的常用物质,其可以诱导抗体介导的免疫反应;尽管MF59被认为可以帮助刺激机体产生免疫反应,但实际上其带来的较高的疫苗效力是全球科学们共同感兴趣研究的一个项目。

文章中,研究者Rafick-Pierre表示,通过利用SIV感染猕猴来模拟潜在的HIV感染或许对于研究HIV疫苗非常重要,而在其它动物模型中,HIV并不会很好地复制。随着模拟研究结束,研究人员在猕猴中成功地再现了RV144的临床试验结果,最终研究者发现,RV144疫苗结合明矾佐剂后可以降低44%的病毒感染风险,此前对人类进行临床试验发现其效率可以达到31%;然而研究者发现将佐剂变为MF5或许并不会开发出更加有效的疫苗,但相反会使得修饰后的疫苗不能够抑制SIV的感染,并且仅在感染位点诱发适应性的免疫反应。

与此同时,研究者还发现了Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK(RAS)通路和RV144疫苗效率间的特殊关联,他们表示,12个和RAS途径相关的基因中有10个基因都在疫苗中表达,而且可以诱发多种先天性和适应性的免疫反应,从而就会导致明矾-疫苗研究组个体的SIV感染率明显下降;而且是否RAS激活对于HIV疫苗在人类机体中效率的重要标志还需要后期进一步研究。

研究者Sekaly表示,本文的研究结果有效消除了我们此前的认知,即RV144疫苗结合MF59佐剂后可以发挥更加有效的结果,相反我们发现修饰后的疫苗实际上可以诱发感染位点先天性细胞的募集反应,当然如今我们已经证实了RV144疫苗在抑制猕猴HIV/SIV感染上的作用,这就为我们近期开发在人类中使用的疫苗提供了一定帮助。

本文研究对于后期开发个体化疗法提供了很多研究线索,研究者表示他们后期还将会通过更为深入的研究来开发HIV相关的疫苗,并且进行HIV感染的新型个体化疗法的开发。

原始出处

Monica Vaccari, Shari N Gordon, Slim Fourati, Luca Schifanella.et.al.Adjuvant-dependent innate and adaptive immune signatures of risk of SIVmac251 acquisition.Nat Med.2016

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    2016-11-18 liye789132251
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    2016-11-11 Boyinsh
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    2016-07-14 xxxx1054
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