临床常见紧急情况处理连载——糖尿病酮症酸

2015-05-08 MedSci MedSci原创

诊断要点 1.糖尿病的病史和临床表现。 2.血糖中度升高,血渗透压不高。 3.尿酮阳性或者阳性。 4.酸中毒:较重的酮症酸中毒往往伴有代偿性或失代偿性酸中毒,而且可以排除其他原因引起的酸中毒。 抢救措施 1.控制血糖   按每千克体重(标准体重)每小时0.1U的剂量,经静脉、肌肉或皮下给予胰岛素(普通胰岛素),使用血糖以75~100mg/h的速度下降。血糖降至2500mg/L


诊断要点

1.糖尿病的病史和临床表现。
2.血糖中度升高,血渗透压不高。
3.尿酮阳性或者阳性。
4.酸中毒:较重的酮症酸中毒往往伴有代偿性或失代偿性酸中毒,而且可以排除其他原因引起的酸中毒。

抢救措施


1.控制血糖   按每千克体重(标准体重)每小时0.1U的剂量,经静脉、肌肉或皮下给予胰岛素(普通胰岛素),使用血糖以75~100mg/h的速度下降。血糖降至2500mg/L可按比例给予等渗糖水。

2.补液   前4h应补足失水量的1/3~1/2,以纠正细胞外脱水及高渗问题;以后则主要纠正细胞内脱水并恢复正常的细胞代谢及功能。

3.纠正电解质紊乱   钠和氯的补充可通过输入生理盐水而实现,故对本症患者纠正电解质紊乱主要是补钾。血钾低或正常而且有尿者可立即补钾;血钾高或无尿者应暂缓补钾,根据尿量及血钾结果调整。

4.纠正酸中毒   重度酸中毒时(PH<7.20给予5%碳酸氢钠100~200m1(2~4m1/Kg体重),输入碱液时应注意避免与胰岛素使用同一通路。

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    2015-05-10 qingfengqishi5

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    2015-05-08 huaxipanxing

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    2015-05-08 zhouanxiu

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