终出手!《美国医疗法》或将替代奥巴马医改

2017-03-10 常路 环球医学

2010年奥巴马签署的《平价医疗法案》(又称“奥巴马医改”法案)被视为其执政期间的一项重要政绩,但多年来饱受共和党诟病。新任总统特朗普信誓旦旦要将之废除,但国会迟迟未能拿出取代方案。3月6日,美国共和党推出《美国医疗法》(American Health Care Act),旨在废除和取代奥巴马医改。共和党准备利用共和党掌控国会两院的优势,推动这一方案在众议院的全体投票。


2010年奥巴马签署的《平价医疗法案》(又称“奥巴马医改”法案)被视为其执政期间的一项重要政绩,但多年来饱受共和党诟病。新任总统特朗普信誓旦旦要将之废除,但国会迟迟未能拿出取代方案。3月6日,美国共和党推出《美国医疗法》(American Health Care Act),旨在废除和取代奥巴马医改。共和党准备利用共和党掌控国会两院的优势,推动这一方案在众议院的全体投票。

《美国医疗法》的提案将在未来三年废除奥巴马医改法案的很多内容。按照共和党这份长达123页的方案,首先将废除奥巴马医改方案中关于使用政府医疗补贴帮助人们购买保险、扩充医疗救助制度等核心内容。今后医疗救助制度将进行重大改革,使联邦政府的付费封顶。不过,奥巴马医改最受欢迎的两点内容——允许26岁以下年轻人继续使用父母的医保计划、禁止保险公司因客户之前存在的医疗问题拒保或增加保费,将得到保留。

新方案将实施个人税收抵免来取代奥巴马医改中的联邦保险补贴。随年龄增长,每人每年可获得的税收抵免从2000美元到4000美元不等。美国媒体报道说,和“奥巴马医改”相比,新方案为低收入和老年美国人提供的财政援助较少,但年轻人和部分较高收入群体得到的财政援助会增加。

共和党公布的法案中取消了对医疗设备的税收,它还将在2020年之前逐步淘汰奥巴马医改对医疗补助计划(适用于贫困人口的医保系统)的扩大。共和党建议,自2020年1月1日起冻结奥巴马医改的延伸医疗补助项目,但可以在2019年年底之前继续提供个人延伸医疗补助。

有关人士表示,众议院筹款委员会和众议院商务委员会将会开始考虑,最终批准奥巴马医改替代方案。与此同时,民主党议员将有24小时的时间来审查该法案,这使得他们缺乏足够的时间对法案进行客观的分析且得到其他团体的建议。

众议院筹款委员会的民主党议员要求共和党解释该法案如何满足特朗普的医疗保险政策并要求医疗专家对法案的成本和影响予以评估,但均被共和党拒绝。美国众议院议长瑞安表示,共和党的奥巴马医改废除法案“将提供救援”,废除过程将对公众透明。

据美国媒体报道,众议院能源与商业委员会、拨款委员会将在8日开会讨论相关草案内容。在提交众议院投票前,草案还要经预算委员会讨论。

根据相关规定,共和党议员提出的医保草案要想获得通过,至少要在众议院和参议院分别得到218票和51票。虽然目前共和党分别拥有众议院241席和参议院52席,理论上可通过席位优势通过法案,民主党仍可通过相关规则进行阻挠。美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)称,尽管共和党领导人在最近几周积极促成党内成员达成共识,但党内保守派和温和派的分歧仍很难调和。

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    2017-03-12 tidiq
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    2017-03-11 Chongyang Zhang

    签到学习了很多。

    0