Clin Cancer Res:研究揭示HER2阴性乳腺癌新的矛盾特征

2013-01-04 Clin Cancer Res 互联网 zhihui_li

由加州大学戴维斯分校(UC Davis)的研究人员领衔的一项多中心研究揭示了最常见类型乳腺癌新的矛盾特征。这一研究发现阐明了疾病是如何逃避治疗的,同时也提高了乳腺癌的诊断的治疗。 该项研究由加州大学戴维斯分校(UC Davis)放射肿瘤系转化研究主任Jian Jian Li领衔,他们对之前认为缺乏HER2蛋白的乳腺癌做了研究,HER2蛋白的过度表达往往与疾病的复发有关。相反,研究人员发现在一个小


由加州大学戴维斯分校(UC Davis)的研究人员领衔的一项多中心研究揭示了最常见类型乳腺癌新的矛盾特征。这一研究发现阐明了疾病是如何逃避治疗的,同时也提高了乳腺癌的诊断的治疗。

该项研究由加州大学戴维斯分校(UC Davis)放射肿瘤系转化研究主任Jian Jian Li领衔,他们对之前认为缺乏HER2蛋白的乳腺癌做了研究,HER2蛋白的过度表达往往与疾病的复发有关。相反,研究人员发现在一个小组的侵袭性肿瘤当中,治疗对抗HER2阳性的乳腺癌干细胞(BCSCs)。研究结果将发表于12.15号的《临床癌症研究》杂志(Clinical Cancer Research)上。

该研究第一作者Li说:“这些BSCSs对传统治疗非常耐受,它们可以导致病人的复发。不论化疗、放疗,或者甚至手术,癌症依然会复发。这些研究发现改变了我们对于乳腺癌的观念,因为现在我们知道HER2阴性的乳腺癌可以用抗HER2治疗方法来有效地治疗。”

过去的十年里,科学家和临床医生已经在细胞水平上对乳腺癌的差别有了更好的了解。肿瘤含有HER2、雌激素受体蛋白、孕激素受体蛋白中的三项还是只有其中一项会对肿瘤的侵袭性、病人的总体预后结局以及治疗选择都有巨大的影响。

对于HER2阳性的乳腺癌,常规使用靶向针对HER2蛋白的药物来治疗,比如赫赛汀或Tykerb,也会有好的结果。然而,直到最近,对于HER2阴性的乳腺癌病人一直没有理由也给予这样的靶向治疗。

该研究小组包括来自密歇根大学综合癌症中心的研究人员,以及爱荷华(Iowa)大学Holden综合癌症中心,埃默里(Emory)大学医学院以及MD Anderson癌症中心的研究人员,他们从被辐射的HER2阴性乳腺肿瘤中分离出了HER2阳性的BCSCs。他们还分析了干细胞的CD44和CD24,也即提示癌症侵袭性和起到BCSC标志物作用的细胞表面蛋白。

研究小组发现,HER2阳性、CD44阳性、CD24阴性/低表达的BCSCs更具侵袭性,且对放疗高度耐受。这些特点显着降低了赫赛汀或短干扰RNA(的治疗效果)。57.1%的原发性肿瘤当中发现HER2和CD44阳性,而84.6%的复发性肿瘤当中发现这两者为阳性。

此外,为了明确这一之前有隐藏HER2阳性干细胞的组,进一步研究提供了新的视角以便理解这些BCSCs如何维持它们对治疗的耐受。一个复杂的蛋白质网络,包括HER2和STAT3,调节转移,程序性细胞死亡以及其他功能。其结果,也就是这些细胞可以在传统抗癌治疗的情况下得以继续生存。

Li说:“我们认为这一研究有重大的科学意义以及临床影响。我们现在更好地理解了这些BCSCs是如何耐受放疗以及其他治疗的。”尽管最近有研究已经证实HER2阴性的乳腺癌患者确实可以从HER2治疗当中获益,但在此之前没人能理解其中的具体机制。该研究提供了详实的证据证实HER2治疗可以潜在改善HER2阴性乳腺癌患者的结局。

除了为HER2阴性患者打开了新的治疗思路,该研究也同时提供了一条新的诊断路径。标志物,像CD44,可以有助于临床医生明确肿瘤的侵袭性,HER2阳性癌症患者BCSCs表面HER2呈阴性,从而可以根据每个病人的需要实现个体化治疗。这些研究发现可能也促进了对其他癌症的治疗。Li说:“这可能打开了在骨癌、肺癌或脑癌患者当中治疗HER2阳性干细胞的可能性,这些在晚期阶段的治疗都是非常困难的。”

阴性乳腺癌相关的拓展阅读:

doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-1436
PMC:
PMID:

HER2-Associated Radioresistance of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Isolated from HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Nadire Duru1, Ming Fan1, Demet Candas1, Cheikh Menaa1, Hsin-Chen Liu1, Danupon Nantajit1, Yunfei Wen6, Kai Xiao2, Angela Eldridge1,3, Brett A. Chromy3,5, Shiyong Li7, Douglas R. Spitz8, Kit S. Lam2,4, Max S. Wicha9, and Jian Jian Li1,4

Purpose: To understand the role of HER2-associated signaling network in breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) using radioresistant breast cancer cells and clinical recurrent breast cancers to evaluate HER2-targeted therapy as a tumor eliminating strategy for recurrent HER2−/low breast cancers. Experimental Design: HER2-expressing BCSCs (HER2+/CD44+/CD24−/low) were isolated from radiation-treated breast cancer MCF7 cells and in vivo irradiated MCF7 xenograft tumors. Tumor aggressiveness and radioresistance were analyzed by gap filling, Matrigel invasion, tumor-sphere formation, and clonogenic survival assays. The HER2/CD44 feature was analyzed in 40 primary and recurrent breast cancer specimens. Protein expression profiling in HER2+/CD44+/CD24−/low versus HER2−/CD44+/CD24−/low BCSCs was conducted with two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS) analysis and HER2-mediated signaling network was generated by MetaCore program. Results: Compared with HER2-negative BCSCs, HER2+/CD44+/CD24−/low cells showed elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and aggressiveness tested by Matrigel invasion, tumor sphere formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis. The enhanced aggressive phenotype and radioresistance of the HER2+/CD44+/CD24−/low cells were markedly reduced by inhibition of HER2 via siRNA or Herceptin treatments. Clinical breast cancer specimens revealed that cells coexpressing HER2 and CD44 were more frequently detected in recurrent (84.6%) than primary tumors (57.1%). In addition, 2-D DIGE and HPLC/MS-MS of HER2+/CD44+/CD24−/low versus HER2−/CD44+/CD24−/low BCSCs reported a unique HER2-associated protein profile including effectors involved in tumor metastasis, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and DNA repair. A specific feature of HER2–STAT3 network was identified. Conclusion: This study provides the evidence that HER2-mediated prosurvival signaling network is responsible for the aggressive phenotype of BCSCs that could be targeted to control the therapy-resistant HER2−/low breast cancer.

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