王建祥教授:弯道超车!单抗偶联药物GO和Inotuzumab在成人急性白血病中疗效显著

2018-06-19 佚名 肿瘤资讯

2018年6月14日-17日,第23届EHA会议于瑞典-斯德哥尔摩隆重召开,血液领域的重磅研究悉数亮相。急性白血病领域新药研发进展迅速。其中抗体偶联药物包括靶向CD33的Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin和靶向CD22的Inotuzumab分别在成人急性髓系白血病和成人急性淋巴细胞白血病中显示出显着疗效。

2018年6月14日-17日,第23届EHA会议于瑞典-斯德哥尔摩隆重召开,血液领域的重磅研究悉数亮相。急性白血病领域新药研发进展迅速。其中抗体偶联药物包括靶向CD33的Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin和靶向CD22的Inotuzumab分别在成人急性髓系白血病和成人急性淋巴细胞白血病中显示出显着疗效。

成人急性髓系白血病新药研究进展

近年来,成人急性髓系白血病(AML)领域主要有以下几个重要药物获批上市或取得较重大进展。

首先是已获美国FDA批准用于治疗AML的CD33单克隆抗体偶联细胞毒药物卡奇霉素 (Calicheamicins),称之为Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin(GO)。对于复发/难治性(R/R)以及部分初治AML患者,GO在诱导和巩固治疗阶段都取得良好疗效。

同样作为靶向药物,已上市的FLT3抑制剂Midostaurin(米哚妥林)是美国FDA批准的第一个用于治疗AML的FLT3靶点抑制剂。对于FLT3 ITD突变阳性的AML患者,米哚妥林联合传统化疗可显着改善患者的无事件生存(EFS)和总体生存(OS)。

IDH1和IDH2是AML中常见的基因突变,是潜在的治疗靶点。IDH2抑制剂Enasidenib和IDH1抑制剂Ivosidenib已获得美国FDA批准用于治疗AML患者,目前我国正在开展临床试验,期待能为我国AML患者带来临床受益。既往研究表明,IDH2抑制剂Enasidenib的作用机制和表观遗传学调节相关,但在AML中可通过诱导AML白血病细胞分化达到治疗目的。IDH1抑制剂Ivosidenib的作用机制与IDH2抑制剂类似,同样在AML领域有广阔的治疗前景。

除了上述靶向抑制剂外,另一个令人兴奋的药物是脂质体柔红霉素和阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)的复合制剂。相对于传统的柔红霉素联合Ara-C而言,其优势在于能更好地靶向白血病细胞,提高疗效,降低心脏毒性,尤其适用于不能耐受强烈化疗的老年AML患者。

其他在AML领域有广阔治疗前景的药物还有BCL-2抑制剂ABT-199,对于无法耐受化疗的老年AML患者,其联合小剂量Ara-C或联合表观遗传学调控药物如阿扎胞苷或地西他滨治疗,可获得较高的完全缓解(CR)率。进一步的研究结果值得期待,此药有望改善AML患者的长期生存率。

Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin在成人急性髓系白血病中的临床应用价值

成人急性髓系白血病(AML)患者预后的异质性较大,按照危险度进行分层,各组预后有较大差异。中危患者的长期生存率约40%~50%,高危患者的长期生存率不足20%。AML患者的生存需求远远未得到满足。上述AML领域新药中,Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin(GO)作为一种CD33单克隆抗体偶联药物极具代表性。CD33是一种髓系细胞分化抗原,在绝大多数AML患者的白血病细胞中表达,所以几乎所有的AML患者均可接受此抗体治疗。经过多年发展,通过进一步优化使用策略,探索使用方法和剂量,掌握使用规律,此药物的安全性得到进一步的验证和保证。在2017年,此药物重新获批上市。在疗效方面,GO可明显提高中危组患者的长期生存率,可显着提高R/R AML患者的缓解率。

因此,对于我国AML患者而言,未来GO的使用必将进一步满足其治疗需求。对于我国广大血液学工作者而言,应在国际现有的研究基础上,利用目前已经摸索出的优化治疗剂量或方法,通过进一步探索,更好地利用此药。未来也应该进一步探索如何更好的利用此药才能进一步清除微小残留病灶(MRD),提高缓解率,延长无复发时间,从而延长OS。

Inotuzumab在R/R急性淋巴细胞白血病中的治疗前景

目前,成人急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)治疗的一个较突出的问题在于缓解后复发率较高。复发后挽救治疗的策略主要为以下三种:1.使用大剂量的阿糖胞苷;2.使用大剂量的甲氨蝶呤;3.采用以传统VDP(长春新碱+柔红霉素+糖皮质激素)为骨架的化疗方案。但从总体上看,这三种治疗策略的疗效相近,总体特点为缓解率较低,这就严重制约了成人ALL患者复发后的治疗疗效和长期生存。Inotuzumab ozogamicin是一种CD22单克隆抗体偶联药物(偶联药物为卡奇霉素)。在III期临床试验中,与标准化疗组相比,Inotuzumab ozogamicin治疗可显着提高CR率,高达80%以上。且接受CD22抗体治疗获得CR的患者,无进展生存期(PFS)明显延长。患者的总体生存得到显着改善。基于以上研究结果,目前美国FDA已批准其用于治疗R/R B-ALL。

Inotuzumab和Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin在中国的未来前景

目前,Inotuzumab和Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin这两种单克隆抗体尚未在中国上市,但这两种药物分别在ALL和AML领域解决了复发难治性患者缓解的问题。因此,我非常期待这两种药物能尽快进入中国市场,造福中国急性白血病患者。对于未来发展方向,除了利用这两种药物诱导缓解外,更主要的是以改进生存为主要目的临床探索,能更好地延长ALL和AML患者的OS。

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    2019-01-14 snf701207
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    2019-03-25 anan
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    2018-06-19 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2018-06-19 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.长知识

    0