JNNP:多发性硬化病因学中的DRB1与环境相互作用:来自两项瑞典病例对照研究的结果

2021-03-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统(CNS)炎症性疾病,由基因和生活方式/环境因素相互作用引起。与MS风险相关性最强的基因变体位于人类白细胞抗原(HLA)复合体中。主要风险等位基因为DRB1*15

多发性硬化症(MS)是一种中枢神经系统(CNS)炎症性疾病,由基因和生活方式/环境因素相互作用引起。与MS风险相关性最强的基因变体位于人类白细胞抗原(HLA)复合体中。主要风险等位基因为DRB1*15:01,但其他HLA区域的其他几个等位基因独立于DRB1*15:01状态影响MS风险。在大规模的全基因组关联研究中,HLA复合物之外的大量基因位点与MS风险相关,但这些基因位点中的每一个对疾病易感性的个体贡献都很小。到目前为止,定位的基因变体解释了近50%的遗传力。基因与环境的相互作用是吸烟会增加50%的多发性硬化风险,遗传风险因素DRB1*15:01和缺乏A*02:01的组合会增加5倍的多发性硬化风险,而吸烟和这两种遗传风险因素的组合会增加13倍的多发性硬化风险。已证明相同MS相关HLA等位基因之间存在类似的相互作用,EBNA-1抗体水平升高和青少年肥胖。6–8由于DRB1*15:01等位基因对MS易感性的影响已被报道为每个额外等位基因的对数优势量表上的累加效应,本文旨在调查不同遗传风险下与上述环境因素相关的风险,并考虑一个人的DRB1*15:01等位基因数,更详细地探讨DRB1*15:01与环境因素之间的交互作用。

EIMS从医院神经科招募了MS的病例。病例由病例所在单位的神经科医生诊断。从国家人口登记册中随机选择每个病例的两个对照组。如果一个对照组拒绝参与或不可追踪,则使用相同的原则选择另一个对照组。GEMS从瑞典国家多发性硬化症登记处确定了流行病例。从国家人口登记册中随机选择每个病例一个对照组,按发病时的年龄、性别和居住区匹配。两项研究中的所有病例均根据McDonald标准进行诊断。这两项研究的所有参与者都被要求提供血样,而那些没有献血的人则被排除在本报告之外。

使用标准化问卷收集有关环境暴露和生活方式因素的信息。EIMS组病例有效率为93%,对照组为73%;GEMS组病例有效率为82%,对照组为66%。有关吸烟的信息是通过询问目前和以前的吸烟习惯获得的。以病例发病年份为指标年。对照组被给予与相应病例相同的指数年。吸烟习惯只在指数年前后才被考虑。如果受试者在指数年之前或期间吸烟,则被归类为从不吸烟;如果他们在指数年之前或期间从未吸烟,则被归类为从不吸烟。获得了有关20岁时当前身高和体重的信息。利用目前的身高,用体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方来计算青少年体重指数(BMI)。使用了世界卫生组织对超重和肥胖的定义。体重指数等于或大于25的受试者被认为超重,体重指数大于或等于30的人被认为肥胖。

使用MS复制芯片测定HLA-DRB1和HLA-A等位基因,MS复制芯片基于Illumina外显子组芯片,其中约9万个自定义标记在HLA区域以超高密度添加。采用多重血清学试验检测针对EBNA-1肽段(aa 385–420)的IgG抗体,已被确定为与MS风险相关的主要EBNA-1片段。双激光流检测用于量化抗体,作为中值荧光强度的单位。根据对照组的平均荧光强度,将EBNA-1抗体水平分为高EBNA-1抗体水平和低EBNA-1抗体水平。  

Figure 1   

每个DRB1*15:01等位基因对MS风险的影响在每一个额外等位基因的对数优势度上是大的。DRB1*15:01与每个评估环境因子之间的相互作用具有相似的大小,而与DRB1*15:01等位基因的数量无关,尽管ORs受到影响。当没有保护性A*02:01等位基因的DRB1*15:01携带者中存在任何环境因素时,会发生三方相互作用并产生高ORs,尤其是在DRB1*15:01纯合子中(吸烟者中的OR为20.0,95%可信区间13.1-30.5,EBNA-1抗体水平升高者中的OR为21.9,95%可信区间15.0-31.8,OR为44.3),95% 在报告青少年超重/肥胖的人群中,CI为13.5至145)。

DRB*15:01纯合子暴露于任何一种环境因素后,MS的发生率显著增加,这进一步支持了这些因素在免疫相关机制中的作用。这些数据进一步加强了预防措施的重要性,特别是对于那些对MS有遗传易感性的人。

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    2021-05-05 amyloid
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    2022-02-07 仁者大医
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    2022-01-06 jml2009
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    2021-07-04 xugc
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    2021-03-21 ylz8405

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