Cardiovasc Diabetol:1型糖尿病患者的HDL功能:血糖控制改善后胆固醇流出能力增强与高密度脂蛋白氨基甲酰化降低相关

2022-09-15 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

T1D患者还表现出潜在致动脉粥样化的脂蛋白定性异常。

背景:1型糖尿病(T1D)患者因心血管原因死亡的风险较高,这取决于多种因素,如年龄、糖尿病持续时间和肾病。血糖控制水平也与T1D患者的心血管死亡风险相关。T1D患者表现出脂质紊乱,这可能是其心血管风险增加的原因之一。首先,在血糖控制不佳的T1D患者中观察到定量脂蛋白异常,如高甘油三酯血症或非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高。然而,血脂谱在控制良好的T1D患者中有所不同,他们的血清甘油三酯和LDL-胆固醇水平正常或略有下降。

T1D患者还表现出潜在致动脉粥样化的脂蛋白定性异常。就高密度脂蛋白而言,我们和其他人发现T1D患者的高密度脂蛋白富含甘油三酯。这种异常似乎在血糖控制不佳的患者中更加明显,并归因于脂蛋白之间胆固醇酯转移的增加。此外,我们的团队先前表明,在T1D患者的高密度脂蛋白磷脂组中发现了中度异常。高密度脂蛋白的化学修饰,如氧化、糖基化和氨基甲酰化在T1D中特别重要。HDL蛋白的氨甲酰化(严格意义上的氨甲酰化)是由异氰酸酯介导的非酶促不可逆过程,对应于氨甲酰部分(–CONH2)与赖氨酸的结合,产生氨甲酰赖氨酸。异氰酸酯来源于尿素的自发分解或髓过氧化物酶(MPO)催化的硫氰酸盐氧化,或在较小程度上来自烟草烟雾。值得注意的是,一些研究已经证实T1D患者的血浆MPO水平增加.

T1D患者高密度脂蛋白的定性改变可能会导致高密度脂蛋白功能障碍,从而增加患心血管疾病(CVD)的风险。由于临床研究表明氨甲酰化蛋白的水平是CVD的一个独立危险因素,因此氨甲酰化蛋白的功能损伤尤其重要。一些研究发现氨甲酰化会改变高密度脂蛋白的功能。例如,氨甲酰化HDL似乎具有改变的抗氧化特性,增强单核细胞与内皮细胞的粘附,激活内皮细胞中的NF-kB途径,并减少内皮细胞的迁移和增殖。有趣的是,最近的研究表明,在肾功能相对较好的2型糖尿病患者中,氨甲酰化高密度脂蛋白与死亡率和心血管结局独立相关。据我们所知,高密度脂蛋白的氨甲酰化尚未在T1D患者中进行评估,在改善血糖控制的干预中更是如此。

胆固醇流出能力(CEC)是HDLs研究最多和公认的动脉粥样硬化保护功能之一。在过去的几年中,CEC已经成为比单独的血清HDL胆固醇水平更好的心血管风险预测因子。评估T1D患者CEC的研究很少,结果仍有争议。两项研究报告了T1D的年轻患者和成人患者的CEC降低。相反,在对中度控制的T1D进行的另外两项研究中发现CEC增强。据我们所知,改善血糖控制对T1D患者CEC的影响从未被研究过。

目的:在本研究中,我们旨在探讨T1D患者血糖控制的改善是否与高密度脂蛋白氨基甲酰化水平变化相关的CEC变化有关。

方法:在这项开放性试验中,27名未控制的T1D患者接受了为期三个月的标准药物干预以改善血糖控制。从血浆中分离HDL组分,并在THP-1巨噬细胞上测量CEC。HDLs的氨甲酰化通过免疫测定进行评估。来自健康受试者的对照HDL在体外用氰酸钾氨甲酰化。

结果:HbA1c从基线时的11.4%[10.2–12.9](中位数[第1–第3四分位数])下降到3个月干预后的8.1%[6.6–9.0](P < 0.00001)。干预后19例(70%)患者HDLs的CEC增加(P = 0.038)。同时,干预后22例(82%)患者HDLs的氨基甲酰化下降(P = 0.014)。即使校正了HbA1c的变化(β= 0.527,P = 0.003),CEC的增加与氨甲酰化HDL的减少显著相关(r = 0.411,P = 0.034)。使用1和10 mmol/L氰酸钾,对照HDL的体外氨甲酰化分别使CEC降低13% (P = 0.041)和23% (P = 0.021)。

图1干预后胆固醇流出量的变化

图2干预后氨甲酰化HDL水平的变化

表1单变量相关性研究

图3干预后胆固醇流出量和氨甲酰化HDL水平变化的相关性

图4体外HDL氨甲酰化对胆固醇流出能力的影响。数据以平均值±标准差表示。从三个独立实验中获得的9个重复中获得数据。KCN:氰酸钾

结论:与HDLs的氨甲酰化减少相关的CEC的改善可能有助于T1D患者血糖控制的有益心血管效应。

原文出处:Denimal D,  Monier S,  Simoneau I,et al.HDL functionality in type 1 diabetes: enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity in relationship with decreased HDL carbamylation after improvement of glycemic control.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 08 12;21(1)

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  5. 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    2022-09-15 ZGMFX24A
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