牙齿缺失可预测类风湿性关节炎

2012-07-30 不详 网络

根据欧洲风湿病学大会上报告的一项研究结果,多颗牙齿缺失提示此后患类风湿性关节炎(RA)的风险增高,并且缺失的牙齿越多,关节炎疾病活动性越高,对治疗的应答也越差。 一直以来,牙齿缺失被视为牙周炎的一种替代指标,牙周炎是一种常见的累及牙龈和其他牙齿支持结构的慢性炎症过程。目前,研究者越来越热衷于探索这种口腔疾病与身体其他部位的有显著全身性炎症成分的慢性疾病(包括冠心病和RA)之间的可能因果关系。

根据欧洲风湿病学大会上报告的一项研究结果,多颗牙齿缺失提示此后患类风湿性关节炎(RA)的风险增高,并且缺失的牙齿越多,关节炎疾病活动性越高,对治疗的应答也越差。


一直以来,牙齿缺失被视为牙周炎的一种替代指标,牙周炎是一种常见的累及牙龈和其他牙齿支持结构的慢性炎症过程。目前,研究者越来越热衷于探索这种口腔疾病与身体其他部位的有显著全身性炎症成分的慢性疾病(包括冠心病和RA)之间的可能因果关系。


德国风湿病研究中心的Gisela Westhoff博士报告了正在进行中的观察性研究CAPEA(早期关节炎的病程与预后)试验中540例早期关节炎患者的结果。患者平均年龄为56岁,入组时的平均症状持续时间为13周。59%的患者为类风湿因子阴性和(或)抗瓜氨酸化蛋白抗体阳性,67%符合当前的RA诊断标准,87%正在接受缓解疾病抗风湿药物治疗。入选时,患者平均牙齿数为19颗。总体上,24%的受试者牙齿数≤10颗,15%为11~20颗,22%≥28颗。缺失牙齿的患者倾向于年龄较大、体重较重,且更多为吸烟者。


结果显示,6个月时,根据EULAR的应答标准,52%的患者达到良好应答。另外32%的患者应答为中度,16%的患者对治疗无应答。在随访6个月时,与牙齿数>10颗的患者相比,牙齿数≤10颗的患者红细胞沉降率显著增高,触痛和肿胀关节数明显增多,疾病活性评分28的得分明显增高。在一项校正年龄、体重指数和其他潜在混淆因素的多变量分析中,基线时牙齿数≤10颗的患者对治疗应答不充分的几率为牙齿数>28颗者的3.8倍。除牙齿数外,唯一有意义的治疗应答差的预测因子为吸烟,与治疗应答差的几率增加1.7倍相关。


在另一项独立研究中,日内瓦大学医院的Axel Finckh博士等人发现,在RA发病风险增高的健康个体中,牙齿缺失与多个关节肿胀相关。


他报告了一项正在进行中的前瞻性观察性研究的366例RA患者一级亲属的数据。所有受试者在入组时均健康,当时的平均牙齿数为28颗。6%的受试者牙齿数≤20颗,20%为21~27颗,28%有完整的32颗牙齿。


结果显示,体格检查时有至少1个关节肿胀的受试者的平均牙齿数为26颗,而无肿胀关节的受试者平均牙齿数为29颗。一项多变量分析中,与牙齿数为32颗的患者相比,牙齿数<20颗的患者发生至少1个关节肿胀的几率较增加8.1倍,牙齿数为20~28颗的个体风险增加4.1倍,牙齿数为28~31颗的个体风险增加3.6倍。并且,与牙齿数为32颗的受试者相比,牙齿数不足20颗的受试者发生至少6周持续超过1小时的晨僵现象的经校正几率增加5.3倍。


综上所述,牙齿缺失可预测高危患者发生RA的风险,也可预测早期RA患者对治疗的应答情况。


Westhoff博士的研究由瑞士抗风湿病联盟资助。Finckh医生和Westhoff博士均披露无相关利益冲突。


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    2012-08-01 lmm397
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    2012-08-01 zhouqu_8
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