Have Emission Control Areas (ECAs) harmed port efficiency in Europe?

Chang, YT; Park, H; Lee, S; Kim, E

Park, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Robert H Smith Sch Business, College Pk, MD 20742 USA.

TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT, 2018; 58 (): 39

Abstract

Ports in the European Union and North America have enforced environmental regulations on controlling SOx and NOx emissions from ships in their coastal......

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