Cell:胚胎选择依然遥远

2019-11-26 唐一尘 中国科学报

自从体外受精和筛选遗传疾病胚胎的技术诞生以来,人们就一直对 “设计婴儿” 的想法感到担忧。但根据近日《细胞》发表的一项研究,选择由多个基因带来的特征的能力,而不是由单个突变导致的遗传疾病,可能比大多数人意识到的要复杂得多。

自从体外受精和筛选遗传疾病胚胎的技术诞生以来,人们就一直对 “设计婴儿” 的想法感到担忧。但根据近日《细胞》发表的一项研究,选择由多个基因带来的特征的能力,而不是由单个突变导致的遗传疾病,可能比大多数人意识到的要复杂得多。

该论文共同通讯作者、以色列耶路撒冷希伯来大学的 Shai Carmi 说:“对胚胎进行基因组测序比 5 年前要容易得多,而且我们知道更多与某些特征相关的基因变异。但选择具有特定特征的胚胎有很大争议,它引发了许多与优生学和机会不平等有关的问题。”

Carmi 团队研究了根据由多种基因引起的两种特征——智商和身高来选择胚胎的可行性。研究人员之所以选择将重点放在智商上,因为它经常在有关优生学的问题中被提及。结果显示,目前人类对这些类型性状的遗传学知识可能不足以帮助使所需性状在体外受精胚胎选择中大幅增加。

在这项研究中,研究人员使用真实人物的基因组序列,用计算机模拟了这些人的配对所产生的假想胚胎的基因组图谱。在模拟实验中,他们假设每对夫妇有 10 个胚胎可供选择。然后,他们根据模拟胚胎基因组中的基因变异,预测每个后代的智商或身高。该实验是基于这样一个假设,即可以选择得分最高的胚胎植入。

结果,研究人员发现这些理论后代的预期优势相对较小。就智商而言,比胚胎平均水平高出最多 3 分。在身高方面,比平均身高高出最多 3 厘米。但 Carmi 指出,还存在一些其他的限制使精确选择具有所需性状的胚胎面临挑战性。

例如,研究人员使用每对夫妇的 10 个胚胎进行模拟,但实际上,许多夫妇在体外受精时获得的可存活胚胎要少得多。例如,如果有 5 个胚胎,增加的智商或身高就会降低到 2.5 分或 2.5 厘米。

此外,已知的与身高、智商等特征相关的基因变异,以及其他与健康相关的特征,主要适用于欧洲人。它们不太适合世界其他地方的人。

原始出处:

Ehud Karavani, Or Zuk, Danny Zeevi, et al. Screening Human Embryos for Polygenic Traits Has Limited Utility. Cell, November 21, 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.033.

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    2021-07-09 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    很好的研究,非常收益

    0

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    2020-09-03 维他命
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    2019-11-27 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    研究很前沿,受益良多

    0

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    2019-11-27 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    研究很前沿,受益良多

    0

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