ISC 2018| 卒中后吞咽困难筛查策略对临床疗效的影响

2018-02-04 佚名 天坛会

在2018 ISC大会上,Eric E.Smith代表AHA卒中委员会发表卒中后吞咽困难筛查策略对临床疗效的影响研究的文章。

在2018 ISC大会上,Eric E.Smith代表AHA卒中委员会发表卒中后吞咽困难筛查策略对临床疗效的影响研究的文章。该研究基于三项随机对照试验的结果表明,卒中单元质量改善干预的死亡率或依赖率低于对照组,但吸入性肺炎的发生率并无差异。该项研究同期发表在最新的Stroke杂志上。

吞咽困难是卒中的常见后遗症,也是吸入性肺炎的危险因素,与高死亡率和致残率相关。吞咽困难筛查方案已被推荐用于脑卒中患者。但吞咽评估是否会降低中风后肺炎、残疾或死亡风险还不确定。因此,“2018年急性缺血性脑卒中患者早期管理指南”编写委员会委托一个独立的证据审查委员会(ERC)审查随机对照试验(RCT)的证据,以确定吞咽困难筛查方案对预防中风后吸入性肺炎、残疾和死亡的有效性。

研究人员2016年11月1日对Medline、EMBASE和Cochrane数据库进行了搜索,以确定比较吞咽困难筛查方案或质量干预措施与提高吞咽困难筛查率的随机对照试验(RCT)。纳入脑卒中住院患者,年龄≥18,并报告肺炎、死亡或功能依赖的结果。具体纳入标准见表1。搜索工作是由ERC在咨询Doctor Evidence的情况下制定的,并由Doctor Evidence医学图书馆员执行。



表1 选择标准

研究结果表明:一项RCT研究表明,与对照组(n=451)相比,干预脑卒中治疗组(n=558)的综合死亡或功能依赖结果减少,短期健康调查评分更好。另一项RCT研究表明,单一结果或吸入性肺炎死亡率无差异。随机接受咳嗽再通试验的患者90天时并发肺炎的发生率与接受标准评估的患者相似。第三个RCT研究发现:脑卒中护理的患者不需要机械通气,90天的全因死亡率较低(表2)。



表2 入选研究摘要

该研究发现,因为现有数据有限,吞咽困难筛查方案的临床疗效尚不清楚。其中最大最高质量的研究QASC(Quality in Acute Stroke Care)结果表明,结合质量改进措施,应用发热、葡萄糖和吞咽筛查方案,可以降低死亡或依赖的风险。然而,吞咽困难筛查的独立效果不能被评估,因为它仅仅是多模式卒中单元联合干预的一部分。虽然多模式卒中单元质量改善干预的死亡率或功能依赖率低于对照组,但吸入性肺炎的发生率并无差异,表明死亡率的提高不是肺炎预防的结果。ERC认为需要进行额外的前瞻性研究,以比较不同的吞咽困难筛查方法的有效性、可行性和临床效果。


原始出处:
Eric E. Smith, et al. Effect of Dysphagia Screening Strategies on Clinical Outcomes After Stroke. Stroke. Jan 2018;49:00-00.DOI:10.1161/STR.0000000000000159.

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