JAMA Oncology:何种情况的乳腺癌患者应在X光筛查基础上联合乳腺超声或MRI?

2017-07-14 刘婧(放瘤娃) 肿瘤资讯

2017年乳腺癌筛查指南更新。虽然在新指南中,乳腺超声和核磁共振(MRI)仍然属于从属地位,但两者也在临床上广泛使用,那么什么样的人应该在乳腺X光筛查的基础上,使用这两种手段进行筛查呢?

2017年乳腺癌筛查指南更新。虽然在新指南中,乳腺超声和核磁共振(MRI)仍然属于从属地位,但两者也在临床上广泛使用,那么什么样的人应该在乳腺X光筛查的基础上,使用这两种手段进行筛查呢?


研究背景

接受了保乳手术及放疗的女性患者,其乳腺二重癌的发生率随之增加。其可以表现为局部复发或在乳房术后剩余组织及对侧乳腺中出现新的肿瘤,随访5年内该种现象的发生率为10%,而当随访时间长达10年时,则上升为20%。若在患者无自觉症状时,能早期发现乳腺二重癌,则患者相关的生存可以从27%提高到47%。美国临床肿瘤学会和国家综合癌症网络(NCCN)建议对接受保乳及乳腺放疗的患者,每年进行一次乳腺影像学检查。然而,尽管乳腺影像学可以早期发现乳腺二重癌,但其敏感性很低,且既往有乳腺癌病史的患者其癌症间隔发病率较高,这种现象在50岁及以下的乳腺密度较高的女性中尤为常见。

美国癌症协会的指南认为,目前尚无充分的证据支持或反对对既往有乳腺癌的女性患者每年使用MRI进行筛查。目前,在基因突变及乳腺癌发生风险在20-25%之间的女性筛查中,MRI并非主要筛查手段。既往曾经患有乳腺癌的女性,其遗传学上患二重乳腺癌的风险也随之增高。根据一个癌症风险模型的研究结果,对于没有BRCA突变、患有早期、激素受体阳性的女性乳腺癌患者,如果其年龄在50岁及以下,且只进行保乳手术或放疗,则其二重乳腺癌的发病率为20%。鉴于MRI或乳腺超声在乳腺二重癌筛查中的有效性,即使目前证据不足,但仍有45%到54%的有乳腺癌既往史的女性患者,使用MRI或乳腺超声进行筛查。在回顾性研究中,早期二重乳腺癌的检出率与之前的研究相似,但是假阳性率更低,被认为是与既往无乳腺癌或基因突变的乳腺癌患者相比,既往有乳腺癌的患者,其使用MRI或乳腺超声随访的时间尚短等原因。

据研究者所知,在保乳术和乳腺癌放疗后,目前尚无前瞻性研究将乳腺X光与MRI或乳腺超声的联合筛查进行比较。因此,本研究的目的就是在50岁及以下进行保乳或乳腺癌放疗的女性患者中,使用乳腺X光联合乳腺超声或乳腺磁共振进行筛查比对。

研究方法

这一多中心、前瞻性、非随机对照临床研究,于2010年12月1日起,持续至2016年1月31日,共有6个临床研究机构参加。一共有754例50岁及以下的乳腺癌女性患者,在经过保乳治疗后入组。所有入组的患者,除对同侧保乳治疗后的乳房及对侧乳房进行3次的MRI 检查外,还进行了乳腺X光和乳腺超声的检查。

研究结果

共有745名女性患者,进行了总数为2065次的各项影像学检查(MRI 、乳腺X光、乳腺超声),有17例的二重乳腺癌被发现,在发现的大部分的二重乳腺癌患者(13/17 [76%])中,均为0或1期患者。乳腺X光联合MRI的癌症总发现率(8.2 vs 4.4 每 1000; P = .003)或敏感性(100% vs 53%; P = .01) 均高于单纯乳腺X光组。乳腺X光联合乳腺超声,癌症的发现率也要高于单纯乳腺X光组(6.8 vs 4.4 每1000; P = .03)。乳腺X光联合MRI或乳腺超声的特异性低于单纯乳腺X光(87% or 88% vs 96%; P < .001)。未发现间隔肿瘤。

讨论

在本研究中,研究者发现对于50岁及以下、接受乳腺癌保乳或胸部放疗的患者,行乳腺X光的基础上联合MRI与单纯乳腺X光相比,增加了检测敏感性(100% vs 52.9%; P = .01)和二重乳腺癌的检出率(95% CI, 2.8- 4.9; P = .003)。大部分被检出二重乳腺癌的患者(13 /17 [76.5%]),其分期为0或I期之间,仅有1例为IIB期。在整个研究期间,无间隔肿瘤的发生。然而在之前的研究中,每1000例既往有乳腺癌病史的50岁及以下的女性患者,平均有7.5个间隔肿瘤发生。所检出的肿瘤病理侵袭性下降,间隔及晚期二重乳腺癌的减少均与随访筛查所带来的获益相关。

在本研究中,每1000名患者二重乳腺癌的检出8.2人(17 of 2065),其比有乳腺癌家族史或携带有BRCA 突变的患者检出率低,检出率为16-30/1000。这一原因可能为参与本研究的91.9%(693/754)受试者在术前进行了MRI检查,因而降低了对侧二重乳腺癌的发生。此外,本研究还对高复发风险的患者(患者切缘阳性或未进行放疗)予以排除。

MRI 最大的缺陷是其假阳性率和成本高。行MRI筛查时,最大的弊端之一在于高度的假阳性率,此外患者的花费也相对较高。与单纯的乳腺X光相比,筛查时加入MRI,增加了患者反复入院的比例(从 4.4% 增加到 13.8%; P < .001),活检率从0.5%提升到2.7%(P < .001),短期随访率也相应提高,从3.6%上升到10.2%(P < .001),然而特异度却下降,从96%下降到 87%(P < .001)。考虑到MRI筛查时可能存在的假阳性与假阴性,因此在对患者进行MRI筛查前应充分告知患者,并由患者做出选择。乳腺超声联合乳腺X光检查,能将筛查灵敏度从52.9% (9/17) ,提升到82.4% (14 /17),然而这种差异并不明显(P = 0.07)。因此,对于50周岁及以下,接受了保乳手术及胸部放疗的女性患者,特别是乳房密度相对较大的患者,若不能进行MRI筛查,乳腺超声筛查也是一种选择。
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    2017-07-26 minlingfeng
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    2017-07-15 130****4638

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-07-14 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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乳腺癌(BC)是发生在乳腺腺上皮组织的恶性肿瘤,其已成为威胁女性身心健康的常见肿瘤。发表于Oncotarget的一篇文章中,研究人员探究了化疗药物对BC患者EVs及对内皮细胞(EC)功能的影响。

JAMA Oncology:乳腺癌骨转移患者接受12周或4周周期唑来膦酸治疗的治疗效果比较

双膦酸盐唑来膦酸常用语骨转移患者的治疗以减少骨骼相关事件(SREs)的发生。但是对于其周期1个月的长期治疗仍存在争议。JAMA Oncology近期发表了一篇文章,研究接受标剂量的唑来膦酸或帕米膦酸二钠治疗的乳腺癌骨转移患者12周周期的唑来膦酸治疗与4周周期的唑来膦酸治疗疗效是否存在差别。

JAMA Oncology:这一手段竟检出20年无死亡风险的乳腺癌患者,治疗是否存在过度?

近年来,乳腺癌的死亡率逐年下降,主要原因之一是乳腺癌筛查的广泛开展,使得癌症得以早期诊断和早期治疗。然而,早期筛查导致的过度治疗或适得其反,且由此导致乳腺癌患者的过度恐惧会降低其生活质量。近日,一项发表在《JAMA Oncology》杂志上的研究表明,其研究的一项新的检测方法,可能有助于确定死亡风险最低的乳腺癌患者,从而帮助她们避免不必要的治疗。

CLIN CANCER RES:抗HIF-1α免疫抑制基底样乳腺癌生长且在体内具有靶向乳腺干细胞作用

三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)是一种含有大量肿瘤干细胞的乳腺癌亚型。缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)会诱导与干细胞有关的表达,在三阴性乳腺癌中表达上调。CIN CANCER RES近期报道了一篇文章,研究HIF-1α是否具有免疫原性以及在转基因鼠中靶向HIF-1α的疫苗是否可以影响基底样乳腺癌的生长。

Sci Transl Med:颠覆常识!化疗反而增加了乳腺癌转移风险

在人类与癌症抗击的历程中,化疗是被我们使用了很久的一种武器。通过化学药物来抑制细胞分裂,患者的病情往往能得到立竿见影的控制。因此,在乳腺癌的治疗中,医生们往往会先对患者进行化疗,抑制患者肿瘤的生长,然后再进行手术,切除病灶。在所有人看来,这是最保险的治疗手段。

Lancet Oncol:早期乳腺癌的标准辅助化疗添加吉西他滨无获益反有害

tAnGo研究调查了早期乳腺癌辅助化疗患者紫杉醇-表柔比星-环磷酰胺中加入吉西他滨方案的可行性。该项研究进行了为期10年的随访,研究结果发现,添加吉西他滨没有获益,反而增加毒性。研究结果2017年6月发表在《Lancet Oncol》。