沪实施首例3D打印引导下左心耳封堵术

2014-11-04 谭珊 医学论坛网

日前,上海仁济医院心内科何奔教授带领团队成功实施上海首例3D引导下左心耳封堵手术。“3D打印的心耳模型让我们更好地摸清‘地形’,找到最佳位置,封堵血栓窝点,达到预防左心耳血栓脱落引起患者卒中或致残的目的。” 房颤,是最常见的持续性心律失常。随着人口老龄化,房颤的患者越来越多,据统计,65岁以上人口中,每10人就有一个房颤患者。房颤时,心房丧失收缩功能,血液容易淤积在从心房伸出的耳状小囊——“心耳

日前,上海仁济医院心内科何奔教授带领团队成功实施上海首例3D引导下左心耳封堵手术。“3D打印的心耳模型让我们更好地摸清‘地形’,找到最佳位置,封堵血栓窝点,达到预防左心耳血栓脱落引起患者卒中或致残的目的。”

房颤,是最常见的持续性心律失常。随着人口老龄化,房颤的患者越来越多,据统计,65岁以上人口中,每10人就有一个房颤患者。房颤时,心房丧失收缩功能,血液容易淤积在从心房伸出的耳状小囊——“心耳”里,(见下图)形成血栓,而血栓一旦脱落,会随着血液至全身各处,导致脑栓塞(卒中)、肢体动脉栓塞(严重者甚至需要截肢)等。

以往治疗的重点是恢复窦性心律,以及应用药物抗凝治疗。虽然房颤的射频消融治疗对恢复窦性心律颇有效。但是对一些心房明显扩大的患者,射频消融疗效并不理想。近年的研究表明,是否恢复窦性心律并不影响生存率,相反,预防房颤的血栓,变得更为重要。因为血栓导致的脑卒中,不仅致残,还影响生存率。虽然抗凝治疗可以部分防治血栓,但有相当部分人无法耐受,或出现出血等情况。

左心耳封堵术是目前全球预防房颤患者卒中的治疗新趋势,它是通过封堵左心耳来预防房颤时在左心耳内血栓的形成,从而降低房颤患者由血栓栓塞引发残疾或死亡的风险。(见下图)

         

术中使用的左心耳封堵器是如下图。经皮穿刺,通过房间隔,将该封堵器装置放置在左心耳开口部位,拔出鞘管后封堵器打开像一个倒钩状的撑开伞,封堵左心耳的开口(见下图),从而消除左心耳内血栓形成的基础,达到预防左心耳血栓脱落引发卒中的目的。

        

然而,左心耳的形态结构却因人而异。主要可分为菜花型、风向标型、鸡翅型、仙人掌型。心耳结构复杂,内腔内凹陷多,隐窝深。所以,“伞兵降落在哪里,能够有最佳的封堵效果,需要术前对患者左心耳的形态非常了解!”

何奔教授带领团队,依靠医院强大的心血管影像团队的支持,首先采集了患者左心耳CT的精细扫描图像,然后利用3D打印机制作出两位患者的左心耳模型,(见下图)

根据模型为房颤患者制定了个性化的手术方案。两位老龄患者的左心耳都是形状复杂、宽口偏浅的菜花状。“术前预测封堵难度很高,倘若放置位置过深,伞状封堵器打开,会撑破心脏组织,给患者带来生命危险。没有缜密的方案,几乎不可能成功。而3D打印的心耳模型,让我们预先摸清了‘作战地形’,术前就对两位患者的心耳结构了熟于心,我们制定了最佳的封堵方案。同时在术中,心脏影像团队提供了先进的实时4D心脏彩超技术,即在3D彩超基础上加之时间纬度,提供心脏跳动的实时立体图像,为更直观准确地操作带来便利,缩短了手术时间,为提高手术的成功率提供了保证。经过近4小时的奋战,2例患者经上述左心耳封堵器被成功植入。患者术后情况也很好。

何奔教授说,“通过3D打印心耳模型,能帮助我们作战前摸清地形,部署好战略方案,提高手术成功率;同时,也有利于缩短医生学习掌握新的临床技能的学习曲线周期。”

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    2015-11-28 lyh994

    用3D打印做导航

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    2015-09-24 ycmayy
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    2014-11-06 jxrzshh

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