Brain:从大脑炎症中发现阿尔茨海默症的治疗线索

2016-01-09 sunshine MedSci原创

一直到最近,科学家们仍认为阿尔茨海默症干扰了免疫系统,但是小鼠身上的一项新的研究显示,脑部感染或导致了阿尔茨海默症的发生,研究表明阻断调节免疫细胞的一种蛋白或是停止这种脑萎缩性疾病进展的一种方法,该研究结果在线发表于Brain。

一直到最近,科学家们仍认为阿尔茨海默症干扰了免疫系统,但是小鼠身上的一项新的研究显示,脑部感染或导致了阿尔茨海默症的发生,研究表明阻断调节免疫细胞的一种蛋白或是停止这种脑萎缩性疾病进展的一种方法,该研究结果在线发表于Brain。

阿尔兹海默病是一种神经系统的进行性退行性疾病,和其他的痴呆一起,影响了全球约4750万人,且每年约增加770万新发病例。

痴呆症是一种影响记忆、思维以及行为能力的综合征,并会逐渐降低患者拥有正常生活和自理的能力。阿尔茨海默症是痴呆症最常见的形式,约60-70%痴呆症为阿尔茨海默症。

研究人员希望他们的研究发现能开发一种可阻断阿尔茨海默症进展的新药。研究中,研究人员对比了来自同龄健康人和阿尔茨海默症患者的脑组织样本。他们特别感兴趣的是两组人群大脑中小神经胶质细胞(在其他方面帮助调节免疫反应的细胞,如炎症)的数量的差异。

研究人员发现,比健康人相比,阿尔茨海默症患者大脑中小神经胶质细胞的数量明显增多。此外,他们还发现,病情越严重的患者,其大脑中调节细胞的分子越活跃。

阻断蛋白防止小神经胶质细胞过度增加

研究的另一个部分中,研究人员探究了阿尔茨海默症小鼠动物模型中小神经胶质细胞的数目。随着疾病的进展,小鼠大脑中小神经胶质细胞的数目不断增加。

他们发现, 给予未治疗的小鼠口服剂量抑制剂阻断蛋白-CSF1,可停止小鼠小胶质细胞数目的增加。此外,这种抑制剂也可恢复中断的神经细胞之间的通讯联系。

CSF1(集落刺激因子1受体)是一种细胞表面调节蛋白,可调节大脑中的小胶质细胞。既往研究表明,阻断CSF1R信号可减少成年小鼠大脑中小胶质细胞的数目。

此外,该研究还发现,与未治疗的阿尔茨海默症小鼠相比,经CSF1R抑制剂治疗的阿尔茨海默症小鼠的记忆及行为问题更少一些。

另一个重要的研究发现是,抑制剂并不会将小胶质细胞的数目降低至正常免疫功能所需的数目以下,表明阻断CSF1R仅会清除过多的小胶质细胞。

最后,研究并没有发现阻断CSF1R与脑内有害的淀粉样蛋白团块的减少有关。研究人员表示,这也证明了其他的研究:可能有多种因素参与了阿尔茨海默氏症的进展。

该研究的第一作者Dr. Diego Gomez-Nicola说道:

“这些研究发现已尽可能的说明,这个特殊的通路在阿尔茨海默症的发生发展中是活跃的。”

他表示下一步的研究将是建立在这些研究结果的基础上,并且将会与产业伙伴合作以寻找一种安全的药物来进行人体试验,并观察阻断CSF1R是否会产生同样的作用。

原始出处:

Catharine Paddock. Alzheimer's treatment clue found in brain inflammation. MNT, 8 January 2016.

Pharmacological targeting of CSF1R inhibits microglial proliferation and prevents the progression of Alzheimer's-like pathology, Adrián Olmos Alonso et al., Brain, doi:10.1093/brain/awv379, expected online January 2016.

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    2016-02-20 1de522f9m41(暂无匿称)

    治愈是关键

    0

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    2016-01-11 xiaotaiyang1

    希望早些找到治疗方法

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