科学家找到肥胖易患癌的分子基础

2016-03-04 孙学军 科学网

肥胖是大肠癌的高风险因子,最近动物实验结果提示这种关联的内在基础,给动物高脂饮食能提高肠道内干细胞数量,是由于一种和代谢调节相关的蛋白PPAR-δ被激活。PPAR与配体结合激活后,与视黄醇类X受体(RXR)形成异二聚体,形成的PPAR /RXR异二聚体与靶基因启动子上游的PPAR反应元件(PPRE)结合,最终调节靶基因的转录。其配体为脂溶性分子,受体与配体结合后,主要通过调节靶基因的表达产生生物效

肥胖是大肠癌的高风险因子,最近动物实验结果提示这种关联的内在基础,给动物高脂饮食能提高肠道内干细胞数量,是由于一种和代谢调节相关的蛋白PPAR-δ被激活。

PPAR与配体结合激活后,与视黄醇类X受体(RXR)形成异二聚体,形成的PPAR /RXR异二聚体与靶基因启动子上游的PPAR反应元件(PPRE)结合,最终调节靶基因的转录。其配体为脂溶性分子,受体与配体结合后,主要通过调节靶基因的表达产生生物效应。PPARs与各自的配体结合后引起本身的构象的变化,促进或抑制靶基因的表达。PPAR就是过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体,是核受体超家族成员,在低等脊椎动物和哺乳动物中存在3个亚型,PPAR-α、PPAR-γ、PPAR-δ。PPAR α主要在棕色脂肪组织、肝脏、肾脏、十二指肠、心脏、骨骼肌和血管内皮细胞中表达,与控制脂蛋白代谢、脂肪酸氧化、细胞摄入脂肪酸有关。PPAR γ在棕色和白色脂肪组织中高度表达,在脂肪分化和脂肪蓄积方面发挥着重要作用。PPAR δ组织分布广泛,在脂质代谢、炎症反应、皮肤伤口愈合、角质细胞分化与增殖、癌症形成等方面发挥重要作用。

人类流行病学研究发现超重和肥胖者结肠直肠癌发病率会明星增加,目前虽然还没有人类研究的同样证据,但是这一研究给这种流行病学结果提供了一种合理解释,并将推动临床研究寻找相关证据。这一研究负责人,麻省理工学院科赫癌症综合研究所癌症生物学家?mer Yilmaz说,这一研究模式也将会推动更多组织类型与肥胖相关癌症的研究,理解癌症等现象发生背后机理是科学家的兴趣所在。

北卡罗莱纳大学细胞生物学家P. Kay Lund认为,了解这些现象背后的分子细节十分重要。尤其是应该利用结肠镜从患者大肠采取活体组织,验证这种分子变化模式是否类似。如果确实如此,那么PPAR-δ活性将称为一个控制和预防大肠癌发生的重要工具,临床上将可以对大肠癌采取早期预防措施。

Yilmaz与麻省理工学院研究代谢的同事David Sabatini教授合作,开展肥胖和癌症关系的研究。他们连续给小鼠高脂高热量饮食1年,然后分析肠道内干细胞数量和功能的改变。脂肪比例高达60%的饮食不仅能让小鼠过量饮食,体重过度增加,也能激活PPAR-δ通路,刺激肠道干细胞的分裂。用激活PPAR-δ药物处理小鼠可产生类似的细胞增殖效应。目前认为,干细胞是产生肿瘤最主要的细胞来源。

现在仍不知道这种改变是否是因为体重增加造成,代谢性改变是因为体重增加或脂肪饮食产生的伴随现象。研究小组用三维立体细胞培养,或者称为微小器官培养方法,对高脂饮食相关脂肪酸刺激肠道细胞增殖的作用进行了研究。这些细胞的PPAR-δ也被激活,提示脂肪酸可能是直接激活PPAR-δ表达的因素。

哈佛大学公共营养学家Walter Willett认为,如果真是脂肪酸的直接刺激效应,在逻辑上无法解释人类肥胖和大肠癌内在关系。因为人类癌症和脂肪饮食之间并没有非常确定性的证据,还需要进一步深入研究。但是Yilmaz提出,流行病学调查研究存在的影响因素比较多。脂肪饮食和癌症关系的数据确实比较混乱。他们小组就是希望将脂肪酸和癌症发生的关系进行明确,并将还对正常体重小鼠高脂饮食的结果进行研究。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1771087, encodeId=f66a1e7108749, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=19b63159120' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分子基础#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31591, encryptionId=19b63159120, topicName=分子基础)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=640638200482, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Dec 22 02:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68423, encodeId=36916842311, content=脂肪酸可能直接激活PPAR肥胖是多癌的罪魁祸首..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601370, encodeId=280816013e0f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5baa5299111' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52991, encryptionId=5baa5299111, topicName=患癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=888f18872716, createdName=lq0307, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67350, encodeId=61886e350dc, content=很好,有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 16:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67351, encodeId=ce4c6e35197, content=??很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 16:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67210, encodeId=93176e210cd, content=医学的又一进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 19:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-09 yilibaisha

    脂肪酸可能直接激活PPAR肥胖是多癌的罪魁祸首...

    0

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    2016-03-06 lq0307
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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    很好,有用

    0

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    2016-03-05 忠诚向上

    ??很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1771087, encodeId=f66a1e7108749, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=19b63159120' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#分子基础#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31591, encryptionId=19b63159120, topicName=分子基础)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=640638200482, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Dec 22 02:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=68423, encodeId=36916842311, content=脂肪酸可能直接激活PPAR肥胖是多癌的罪魁祸首..., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIuqOuvZLWMJ8yAVHKNPBSKWLKHx7ibIhutJv2OfnTK9MQH5jpicpw5EJTmD0M0q2wOG3CZO9wTxa9A/132, createdBy=75561684788, createdName=yilibaisha, createdTime=Wed Mar 09 19:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601370, encodeId=280816013e0f4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5baa5299111' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52991, encryptionId=5baa5299111, topicName=患癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=888f18872716, createdName=lq0307, createdTime=Sun Mar 06 08:32:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67350, encodeId=61886e350dc, content=很好,有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 16:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67351, encodeId=ce4c6e35197, content=??很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Mar 05 16:04:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=67210, encodeId=93176e210cd, content=医学的又一进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=387d1660055, createdName=dhzzm, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 19:00:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-03-04 dhzzm

    医学的又一进步

    0

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