Nat Commun:华人科学家借助PDX模型寻找乳腺癌个体化治疗新策略

2017-03-29 生物谷 生物谷

癌症治疗的目的在于摧毁肿瘤,阻止肿瘤生长和扩散。为达到该目标,来自贝勒医学院和华盛顿大学医学院等研究机构的研究人员开发了一种寻找乳腺癌治疗策略的新方法。他们首先鉴定一些促进肿瘤生长的蛋白,然后再对实验药物进行筛选找到有望中和这些蛋白的潜在药物分子。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Natue Communicaitons上。文章作者Dr. Ma


癌症治疗的目的在于摧毁肿瘤,阻止肿瘤生长和扩散。为达到该目标,来自贝勒医学院和华盛顿大学医学院等研究机构的研究人员开发了一种寻找乳腺癌治疗策略的新方法。他们首先鉴定一些促进肿瘤生长的蛋白,然后再对实验药物进行筛选找到有望中和这些蛋白的潜在药物分子。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Natue Communicaitons上。

文章作者Dr. Matthew Ellis表示:“我们使用了人源化肿瘤异种移植模型和蛋白组-基因组学的方法来找到更为有效的癌症治疗药物。”

人源化肿瘤异种移植模型(PDX):一种在体的人类肿瘤模型

构建一个人源化肿瘤异种移植模型需要将一个人类肿瘤样本移植到特殊的实验小鼠体内。“我们让直接取自于病人的肿瘤样本在实验小鼠体内生长,可以模拟一些肿瘤细胞生长所需要的天然环境——比如一颗跳动的心脏、血管以及其他生物学结构。我们认为这种方法更贴近肿瘤生长环境,比体外培养的细胞更适合用于研究癌症药物。”Ellis这样说道。

在之前的研究中,研究人员曾经发现这种方法是比较成功的,构建的乳腺肿瘤PDX模型可以表达原始乳腺肿瘤表达的大部分基因和蛋白。除此之外,乳腺肿瘤PDX模型对药物处理的应答情况与病人对药物的应答情况类似。这些结果表明乳腺肿瘤PDX模型可以用于发现和检测一些用于治疗乳腺癌的潜在靶向药物。

蛋白组-基因组学:同时研究蛋白和基因

癌细胞与正常细胞的差别可能不仅在于表达的基因,还在于它们用于执行功能的一些蛋白质。一些癌蛋白能够促进正常细胞发生癌变,发现并中和这些驱动蛋白或许是更好的治疗策略。蛋白组-基因组学让研究者们能够同时对肿瘤细胞出现的蛋白和表达的基因进行研究。

“蛋白质执行细胞内大多数生物学功能,而只了解基因序列并不能自动告诉我们关于蛋白质在细胞内运行的一切事情。”文章共同作者Dr. LiDing这样说道。

在这项研究中,研究人员使用质谱技术对蛋白质进行定量和描述,确定24个代表不同乳腺癌亚型的乳腺肿瘤PDX模型中出现的蛋白。他们一共发现10000个蛋白以及它们在不同肿瘤之间的相对丰度。

“在PDX模型中发现的这些蛋白都有成为药物靶点的可能。除此之外,我们也在病人的乳腺癌样本中观察到了类似的蛋白表达模式,表明我们的方法与临床之间存在潜在联系。”Ellis这样表示。

借助这种方法科学家们未来能够回答许多问题,比如为何一种药物能够诱导一名病人体内的肿瘤发生萎缩而对另外一名病人却不起效。该研究对于癌症个体化治疗的发展有重要推动作用。

原始出处:

Kuan-lin Huang,et al.Proteogenomic integration reveals therapeutic targets in breast cancer xenografts. Nature Communications 8, Article number:14864 (2017)

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    2018-02-07 liuli5079
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    2017-10-13 liye789132251
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