世界首例三亲婴儿诞生,有科学家质疑其伦理问题

2016-10-25 科学网 赵熙熙 科学网 赵熙熙

取代母亲卵子内有缺陷的DNA能够防止其后代继承某些疾病。 图片来源:KTSDESIGN/Science Photo Library 科学家于10月19日在盐湖城举行的美国生殖医学学会年会上正式宣布,一名利用一项颇受争议的技术而将来自三人的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)混合在一起的男婴如今看起来健康状况良好。这意味着,今年4月诞生的这名婴儿成为世界首个细胞核移植“三父母”婴儿。 主持该项研究的纽约

取代母亲卵子内有缺陷的DNA能够防止其后代继承某些疾病。

图片来源:KTSDESIGN/Science Photo Library

科学家于10月19日在盐湖城举行的美国生殖医学学会年会上正式宣布,一名利用一项颇受争议的技术而将来自三人的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)混合在一起的男婴如今看起来健康状况良好。这意味着,今年4月诞生的这名婴儿成为世界首个细胞核移植“三父母”婴儿。

主持该项研究的纽约市新希望生殖诊所医生张进(John Zhang)说,这个婴儿的父母来自中东,婴儿的母亲本身健康,但她四分之一的线粒体携带有亚急性坏死性脑病的基因,曾经4次流产,之前生下的两个小孩也因这种遗传疾病而分别于6岁和8月龄时死亡。为了帮助这名女性,张进团队采用了“三父母”技术,即利用捐赠者卵子的健康线粒体替换其有缺陷的线粒体,再实施体外受精,最终获得的婴儿除了拥有父母的基因外,还拥有捐赠女子的线粒体遗传物质。

手术在未限制“三父母”技术的墨西哥进行。张进团队利用这种方法培养了5个胚胎,其中一个发育正常,这个胚胎随后被植入母亲体内。今年4月,男婴顺利出生。张进说,这个小孩现在情况“很好”,跟其他正常小孩一样会哭、会笑、会闹,“非常可爱”。

这一消息自今年9月底被英国《新科学家》杂志提前曝出后,引起巨大争议。一些专家认为这开启了生殖医学的新时代;另一些人怀疑张进团队手术的目的,并认为必须加强对相关技术的监督。

目前美国禁止这类技术,英国仅批准用“原核移植”的方式做三父母试管婴儿。很多人关注的焦点在于该团队为何选择在墨西哥进行手术。张进在接受《新科学家》采访时表示,在墨西哥“不受条条框框的限制”。但美国迈阿密大学法学家Rosario Isasi表示,这里有法律管理人类基因修饰,但非常薄弱,而且为治愈致命疾病进行的修饰似乎享有豁免。

而新希望生殖诊所发言人表示,之所以选择墨西哥是因为这里已经建有该机构的分部,但拒绝评论墨西哥的监管环境是否有利于研究。

实际上,三父母婴儿技术一直遭遇伦理困境。去年年初,英国政府的评估结果显示,公众对这项做法持有广泛的敌视态度,而民意调查的结果也显示同样的趋势。当时的英国保守派议员Fiona Bruce就立场鲜明的反对这项技术的推行,理由是其安全性测试尚未进行,需要做进一步的评估。

如今,许多专家对这个手术持批评态度。加拿大达尔豪西大学生物伦理学与哲学教授弗朗索瓦丝·拜利斯表示,一个关键问题是,这个手术是在墨西哥完成的,未受监管。“事实上,这个小孩的出生似乎是一种不正当行为,它无视英美等国的规定,不是以公开负责、小心翼翼的方式推动科学前进”。

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    2017-07-06 saikp
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    2016-10-27 lyh994

    一条小生命诞生了,只能观察其成长,但愿健康成长,不要受到歧视或其他不良影响。

    0

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    2016-10-27 slcumt
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    2016-10-25 小袁医生

    这一直存在争论的啊

    0

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