细胞间信息交流的新载体——外泌体(exosomes)研究进展

2014-01-03 刘儒涛 王世伟 刘晶 生物化学与生物物理学进展

   外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的纳米级别膜性小泡,在20世纪80年代初就已经被发现,但其在细 胞间所起到的信息交流作用,直至最近才开始为人们所认知.应用大规模分析技术使得exosomes中的复杂成分不断被确定,因为其中的脂质、蛋白质和 RNA成分在脂质膜的保护下具有充分的生物学活性,可有效发挥对受体细胞的调节作用,引起科学界的极大兴趣,逐渐成为研究热点之一.我们

   外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的纳米级别膜性小泡,在20世纪80年代初就已经被发现,但其在细 胞间所起到的信息交流作用,直至最近才开始为人们所认知.应用大规模分析技术使得exosomes中的复杂成分不断被确定,因为其中的脂质、蛋白质和 RNA成分在脂质膜的保护下具有充分的生物学活性,可有效发挥对受体细胞的调节作用,引起科学界的极大兴趣,逐渐成为研究热点之一.我们综述了近几年关于 exosomes的研究成果,总结了其参与细胞间信息交流的三种主要方式,包括膜表面信号分子的直接作用、膜融合时内容物的胞内调节以及生物活性成分的释 放调节.Exosomes的发现使得细胞间的信息交流更加精细和全面,尤其重要的是,它的发现揭示了存在于机体自身的RNA胞间转移途径.我们还进一步综 述了exosomes的三种作用方式在神经系统及肿瘤发生发展中的作用,探讨了exosomes在疾病监测、自身免疫性疾病与缺血性疾病治疗中的临床应用 价值.在基因治疗领域,由于具有安全有效的靶向运输能力,exosomes将有望成为理想的基因治疗载体.细胞间信息交流的新载体——外泌体.pdf

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42633, encodeId=0939426332a, content=真不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/26/e05315ae06b5fcbe98c76d8c81ddc64a.jpg, createdBy=8b951608543, createdName=shuizhongyuer, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 07:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785913, encodeId=26be1e859138c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d5e16003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Exosome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7160, encryptionId=52d5e16003, topicName=Exosome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=734374, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 23:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1645408, encodeId=4edb164540844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db329364360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#载体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93643, encryptionId=db329364360, topicName=载体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58cb23213384, createdName=mei539, createdTime=Tue Oct 28 15:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380401, encodeId=c27a13804017e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590769, encodeId=1c0d1590e691c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-11-06 shuizhongyuer

    真不错

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42633, encodeId=0939426332a, content=真不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/26/e05315ae06b5fcbe98c76d8c81ddc64a.jpg, createdBy=8b951608543, createdName=shuizhongyuer, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 07:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785913, encodeId=26be1e859138c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d5e16003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Exosome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7160, encryptionId=52d5e16003, topicName=Exosome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=734374, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 23:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1645408, encodeId=4edb164540844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db329364360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#载体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93643, encryptionId=db329364360, topicName=载体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58cb23213384, createdName=mei539, createdTime=Tue Oct 28 15:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380401, encodeId=c27a13804017e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590769, encodeId=1c0d1590e691c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-04-21 gjsgj
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42633, encodeId=0939426332a, content=真不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/26/e05315ae06b5fcbe98c76d8c81ddc64a.jpg, createdBy=8b951608543, createdName=shuizhongyuer, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 07:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785913, encodeId=26be1e859138c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d5e16003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Exosome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7160, encryptionId=52d5e16003, topicName=Exosome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=734374, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 23:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1645408, encodeId=4edb164540844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db329364360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#载体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93643, encryptionId=db329364360, topicName=载体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58cb23213384, createdName=mei539, createdTime=Tue Oct 28 15:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380401, encodeId=c27a13804017e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590769, encodeId=1c0d1590e691c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-10-28 mei539
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42633, encodeId=0939426332a, content=真不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/26/e05315ae06b5fcbe98c76d8c81ddc64a.jpg, createdBy=8b951608543, createdName=shuizhongyuer, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 07:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785913, encodeId=26be1e859138c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d5e16003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Exosome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7160, encryptionId=52d5e16003, topicName=Exosome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=734374, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 23:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1645408, encodeId=4edb164540844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db329364360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#载体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93643, encryptionId=db329364360, topicName=载体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58cb23213384, createdName=mei539, createdTime=Tue Oct 28 15:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380401, encodeId=c27a13804017e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590769, encodeId=1c0d1590e691c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42633, encodeId=0939426332a, content=真不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/26/e05315ae06b5fcbe98c76d8c81ddc64a.jpg, createdBy=8b951608543, createdName=shuizhongyuer, createdTime=Fri Nov 06 07:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785913, encodeId=26be1e859138c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d5e16003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Exosome#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=7160, encryptionId=52d5e16003, topicName=Exosome)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=734374, createdName=gjsgj, createdTime=Mon Apr 21 23:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1645408, encodeId=4edb164540844, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db329364360' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#载体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93643, encryptionId=db329364360, topicName=载体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=58cb23213384, createdName=mei539, createdTime=Tue Oct 28 15:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1380401, encodeId=c27a13804017e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590769, encodeId=1c0d1590e691c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Sun Jan 05 12:50:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-01-05 longqijun254

相关资讯

能自我转移的循环肿瘤细胞

导致癌症相关的死亡,其中一个主要原因就在于肿瘤的转移,但我们对于这个过程了解还远远不够。在成功迁移过程中,肿瘤细胞会侵入到原发肿瘤细胞的周围组织中,进入血液和淋巴管系统,转运到远端组织,再渗出,适应新的微环境,最终播种,繁殖,定植,形成转移灶。 由于肿瘤转移主要是通过血液,因此洒落在血管中,具有自我转移方式的循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells

Science:癌症抗体疗法

早在一百多年前,Paul Ehrlich就创造出“magische Kugel(魔球)”,“magic bullet”这样的短语,科学家们多年以来也一直努力不懈的进行研究,希望能研发出对抗从癌症到克罗恩病的疾病靶向治疗方法。终于在四十年前,一项技术的诞生,令这一期望不再遥不可及,这就是杂交瘤技术(hybridoma technology)的问世。

肺癌靶向药物研发紧迫

全世界每年新增肺癌病例120万例,每30秒就有一人死于肺癌。肺癌是目前全球第一癌症杀手,而且预后较差,患者确诊后的平均存活时间仅为10个月。尽管在治疗其他癌症方面医学界取得了巨大的进展,但是肺癌的死亡率至今仍旧居高不下。因此,在过去的几十年里,学术研究人员和制药企业对肺癌,尤其是在许多有害的基因突变导致的肺癌发病方面,进行了更加深入的研究。 在肺癌患者中,80%为非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC

Cell:神经细胞再生信号

生物通报道 华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员确定了一个可触发某些受损神经细胞分支再生的链式反应,这一研究发现有一天或许可以帮助改善治疗可导致感觉丧失或瘫痪的神经损伤。 科学家们还证实,大脑和脊髓中的神经细胞在这一链式反应中丧失了一个链环——这一称之为HDAC5的蛋白或许可帮助解释这些细胞自身不太可能再生出失去的分支的原因。新研究表明,在中枢神经系统中激活HDAC5或许可以开启这一区域的神经细胞

Angew Chem:一种新活性物质可抑制白血病细胞分裂

德国弗赖堡大学日前发表研究公报,称发现了一种新的活性物质,可以抑制白血病细胞分裂,而且有望在抗癌治疗中发挥重要作用。 这种被称为XD14的活性物质可以抑制BET蛋白家族中的几种蛋白功能。BET蛋白也称为表观遗传识别蛋白,可以识别细胞组蛋白中的表观遗传学信息变化,并传递激发细胞分裂等的信号。以白血病为例,血细胞内BET蛋白的基因突变会干扰这种信号传输,导致病变细胞不受控

Nat Cell Biol:揭示细胞癌变的根源

根据发表在《自然细胞生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)的一篇新研究论文所述,发生于晚年的癌症有可能是因为我们细胞衰老的方式所导致。 来自英国Beatson癌症研究所的科学家们发现,一些癌症或许不能完全归因为遗传损伤,而是衰老细胞绕过了告诉它们停止生长的开关所引起。 通过研究实验室培育的人类细胞,该研究小组发现接近生命周期尽头的细胞对于称作为甲基化