PNAS:新方法预测药物组合疗效有望降低药物副作用

2012-08-15 ZinFingerNase 生物谷

根据一项于2012年7月24日发表在PNAS期刊上的一篇论文,美国哈佛大学教授Philippe Cluzel领导的一个研究小组发现通过研究药物两两组合时如何相互作用,研究人员能够预测更多药物组合在一起时,它们将如何相互作用。 当药物当作施用时,它们的疗效通常得到科学家们很好地研究和理解。当药物组合在一起,治疗效果经常是出人意料之外的,而且能够是非常违反直觉的。 为了破解这种密码,Cluzel和

根据一项于2012年7月24日发表在PNAS期刊上的一篇论文,美国哈佛大学教授Philippe Cluzel领导的一个研究小组发现通过研究药物两两组合时如何相互作用,研究人员能够预测更多药物组合在一起时,它们将如何相互作用。

当药物当作施用时,它们的疗效通常得到科学家们很好地研究和理解。当药物组合在一起,治疗效果经常是出人意料之外的,而且能够是非常违反直觉的。

为了破解这种密码,Cluzel和他的研究小组采取一种令人意想不到的方法。利用19种药物---范围从阿司匹林到商业防腐剂到常见的处方抗生素---,研究人员首先测试了这些药物单独和两两组合在一起时在两种常见类型细菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞生长中所表现出的疗效。

利用这种方法,研究人员最终能够证实对于更大的药物组合所产生的疗效来说,两种药物组合在一起的疗效就像是构造块(building block, 亦可译作建筑块)那样发挥作用。如今,根据两种药物组成在一起的疗效,研究人员能够预测更多药物组合在一起时的疗效。

在此之前,研究人员用来可靠地评估这些药物组合所产生疗效的唯一方法就是在每种可能的药物剂量上测试每种可能的药物组合的疗效。但是,这种方法非常耗费时间,而且经常需要上千个或者甚至上百万个单项测试。就拿当前的这项研究中所使用的19种药物来说,为了测试每种药物组合,其中每种药物只有3种剂量可供选择,那么研究人员将需要进行几乎10亿项实验。然而,根据这项新研究提供的方法,研究人员只需开展大约1600项实验。

尽管这项只着重研究抵抗细菌感染,但是未来的研究工作将可能着重关注利用经常使用的药物组合来治疗诸如癌症和HIV治疗之类的疾病。

本文编译自New method for predicting effects of drug ‘cocktails’ should reduce adverse reactions

doi: 10.1073/pnas.1201281109
PMC:
PMID:

Mechanism-independent method for predicting response to multidrug combinations in bacteria

Kevin Wooda, Satoshi Nishidaa, Eduardo D. Sontagb, and Philippe Cluzel

Drugs are commonly used in combinations larger than two for treating bacterial infection. However, it is generally impossible to infer directly from the effects of individual drugs the net effect of a multidrug combination. Here we develop a mechanism-independent method for predicting the microbial growth response to combinations of more than two drugs. Performing experiments in both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria, we demonstrate that for a wide range of drugs, the bacterial responses to drug pairs are sufficient to infer the effects of larger drug combinations. To experimentally establish the broad applicability of the method, we use drug combinations comprising protein synthesis inhibitors (macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, and chloramphenicol), DNA synthesis inhibitors (fluoroquinolones and quinolones), folic acid synthesis inhibitors (sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines), cell wall synthesis inhibitors, polypeptide antibiotics, preservatives, and analgesics. Moreover, we show that the microbial responses to these drug combinations can be predicted using a simple formula that should be widely applicable in pharmacology. These findings offer a powerful, readily accessible method for the rational design of candidate therapies using combinations of more than two drugs. In addition, the accurate predictions of this framework raise the question of whether the multidrug response in bacteria obeys statistical, rather than chemical, laws for combinations larger than two.

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    2013-04-27 drwjr