Lancet Infect Dis:五岁以下儿童肺炎临床诊断特征

2015-03-16 徐媛媛 MedSci原创

在发展中国家肺炎是导致儿童死亡最大的因素,但早期诊断和干预能有效降低死亡率。我们旨在评估临床症状和体征诊断价值,并以此来临床指征在判定5岁以下儿童患放射性肺炎时的诊断价值以及审查WHO临床肺炎诊断标准的准确性 。 我们搜索了Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and refer

在发展中国家肺炎是导致儿童死亡最大的因素,但早期诊断和干预能有效降低死亡率。我们旨在评估临床症状和体征诊断价值,并以此来临床指征在判定5岁以下儿童患放射性肺炎时的诊断价值以及审查WHO临床肺炎诊断标准的准确性 。

我们搜索了Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and reference lists of relevant studies,没有日期限制,研究内容为评估儿童放射性肺炎的临床预测指标。文章选择是基于设计(诊断准确性的研究),目标疾病(肺炎)、参与者(孩子年龄< 5岁),设置(非卧床护理或住院护理),指标测试(临床特征)和参考标准(胸片)。文章质量评估是基于2011年的质量评估的诊断准确性的研究(QUADAS-2)为标准。我们通过对敏感性和特异性的计算来检测每一个指标,当我们对四个或更多的研究进行检测时,我们使用二元模型和多层次总结进行meta分析。

我们收纳了18篇文章。世界卫生组织批准的与年龄相关的呼吸紧促迹象(六项研究;混合灵敏度0.62,95% CI 0.26-0.89;特异性0.59,0.29-0.84)和较低的胸壁凹入(四个研究;0.48,0.16-0.82;0.72,0.47-0.89) 会显示较差的诊断效果。汇集阳性似然比最高的诊断特征是高于50次/分钟的呼吸速率(1.90,1.45-2.48),嘟哝(1.78,1.10-2.88),胸壁凹入(1.76、0.76 - 3.58),和鼻鼻翼煽动(1.75,1.20-2.56)。混合阴性似然比最低的是咳嗽(0.30,0.09-0.96),发热史(0.53, 0.41-0.69),和呼吸速率高于40次/分钟(0.43, 0.23-0.83)。

没有一个临床特征来足以明确地诊断肺炎。结合临床特征的决策树可能会提高诊断效果,但增加新的诊断细菌性肺炎的测试将有助于将诊断的准确性促升至更可接受的水平。

原始出处

Rambaud-Althaus C1, Althaus F2, Genton B3, D'Acremont V2.Clinical features for diagnosis of pneumonia in children younger than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 10

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011959, encodeId=43a7201195905, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 14:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828031, encodeId=8314182803145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jul 19 10:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511186, encodeId=5a491511186c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e29a2841433' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28414, encryptionId=e29a2841433, topicName=儿童肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=710110300550, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543271, encodeId=209515432e16a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08ef230191c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23019, encryptionId=08ef230191c, topicName=临床诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c35213562602, createdName=ms5906905816781247, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011959, encodeId=43a7201195905, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 14:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828031, encodeId=8314182803145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jul 19 10:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511186, encodeId=5a491511186c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e29a2841433' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28414, encryptionId=e29a2841433, topicName=儿童肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=710110300550, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543271, encodeId=209515432e16a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08ef230191c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23019, encryptionId=08ef230191c, topicName=临床诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c35213562602, createdName=ms5906905816781247, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-19 howi
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011959, encodeId=43a7201195905, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 14:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828031, encodeId=8314182803145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jul 19 10:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511186, encodeId=5a491511186c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e29a2841433' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28414, encryptionId=e29a2841433, topicName=儿童肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=710110300550, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543271, encodeId=209515432e16a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08ef230191c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23019, encryptionId=08ef230191c, topicName=临床诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c35213562602, createdName=ms5906905816781247, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2011959, encodeId=43a7201195905, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d69598468' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dis#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5984, encryptionId=7d69598468, topicName=Dis)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c689267, createdName=cmj8wellington, createdTime=Mon Jun 08 14:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828031, encodeId=8314182803145, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Jul 19 10:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511186, encodeId=5a491511186c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e29a2841433' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#儿童肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28414, encryptionId=e29a2841433, topicName=儿童肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=710110300550, createdName=tsing_hit, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543271, encodeId=209515432e16a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=08ef230191c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床诊断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23019, encryptionId=08ef230191c, topicName=临床诊断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c35213562602, createdName=ms5906905816781247, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 09:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

STS 2015:CABG时输血增加肺炎风险

2015年美国心胸外科学会(STS)年会上的一项研究数据显示,单独的冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)中或之后输注红细胞的患者,术后发生肺炎风险增加。 密歇根大学健康系统 Donald S. Likosky博士指出,“CABG后肺炎是已知的危险,且肺炎可增加患者的发病和死亡风险。既往研究已表明,每20例接受CABG的患者就有1例发生主要感染,而肺炎是最常见类型的感染。” 该研究于201

Pediatrics:注射疫苗帮助儿童战胜肺炎

肺炎链球菌是肺炎的主要致病菌,肺炎每年引起超过1百万的儿童死亡。而鼻窦炎也能导致儿童肺炎,甚至引起眼睛和颅内感染。尽管肺炎链球菌疫苗(PCV)可以有效抵御肺炎链球菌的侵入,但是它对能否有效防止肺炎还是个未知数。为了研究PCV疫苗与肺炎的关系,瑞典公共健康机构的Ann Lindstrand医生比较了PCV7和PCV13疫苗接种前后鼻窦炎、肺炎和脓胸的住院率。研究对象为2003-2012年瑞典斯德哥尔

Lancet:泼尼松附加治疗“利刃已现”

一项瑞士研究显示,在经验性抗生素治疗的基础上,泼尼松附加治疗可缩短社区获得性肺炎住院患者入院至达到临床病情稳定的时间,且不增加并发症发生风险。论文1月18日在线发表于《柳叶刀》(Lancet)杂志。 此项双盲、多中心、随机、安慰剂对照试验共纳入785例18岁以上的社区获得性肺炎患者,来自瑞士7所24小时开放的三级医院。研究者将患者随机等分为两组:泼尼松治疗组(50mg/d,口服7

ACCP 2014:酸抑制药物使肺炎加重?

根据美国胸科医师学会(ACCP)2014年会上公布的一项回顾性队列研究,酸抑制剂与更严重的社区获得性肺炎相关,不过,合并症如糖尿病、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)可能在其中起了作用。 美国布鲁克林医学中心研究人员Bikash Bhattaiai医师指出,通过回顾文献,发现酸抑制与呼吸机相关性肺炎之间高度相关。先前的研究表明,酸抑制可能增加社区获得性肺炎的易感性,可能是因为降低胃酸分泌增强了

欧盟批准辉瑞肺炎疫苗Prevenar 13(沛儿13)用于18岁及以上成人群体

辉瑞(Pfizer)重磅疫苗产品Prevenar 13(沛儿13)近日在欧盟监管方面收获大好消息。欧盟委员会(EC)已批准扩大Prevenar 13适应症,用于18岁及以上成人群体,预防由13种血清型肺炎链球菌株导致的肺炎。Prevenar 13的产品特性概要(SPC)也已更新,纳入了辉瑞具有里程碑意义的CAPiTA(社区获得性肺炎成人免疫试验)研究的疗效数据,表明接种Prevenar 13显

JAMA:糖皮质激素或可用于重症社区获得性肺炎急性期治疗

在发达国家,社区获得性肺炎在导致死亡的感染性中占主导地位。尽管积极的使用抗感染治疗,因其导致的住院病人死亡率依旧居高不下,尤其是重症肺炎和治疗失败的情况下。而重症社区获得性肺炎的病人,其治疗失败通常与进行性炎症反应和更糟糕的临床结局有关。在这类治疗失败的病人中,可以使用糖皮质激素,去调节体内细胞因子的释放以抵抗炎症反应,达到治疗效果,但是目前对于糖皮质激素在这类人群中的运用仍存在争议。因此Anto