Cell Host Microbe:新RNA疗法通过鼻腔给药,有望治疗病毒感染

2018-04-12 药明康德 药明康德

耶鲁大学和韩国汉阳大学的研究小组开发了一种针对西尼罗河病毒(WNV) 的新型RNA疗法。近日,一篇发表在《Cell Host&Microbe》的文章提出了一种在WNV侵入大脑和中枢神经系统后的突破性治疗策略。

耶鲁大学和韩国汉阳大学的研究小组开发了一种针对西尼罗河病毒(WNV) 的新型RNA疗法。近日,一篇发表在《Cell Host&Microbe》的文章提出了一种在WNV侵入大脑和中枢神经系统后的突破性治疗策略。

WNV病是一种蚊虫传播疾病,目前尚无批准的疫苗或有效的治疗方法。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的统计,约五分之一的WNV感染者会出现发烧和其他症状。大多数患病的人会出现发烧,头痛,全身酸痛,关节痛,呕吐,腹泻或皮疹。尽管大部分患者可以完全康复,但疲劳和虚弱往往会持续数周至数月。每150名感染者中约有1人,特别是年轻人和老年人,可能会出现严重的神经系统问题,甚至导致死亡。这种疾病的散发性使研发和评估疫苗极其困难。

为了研究治疗WNV感染的新方法,耶鲁大学的研究人员开发了一种小“干扰”RNA分子,通过靶向WNV E蛋白内的保守序列,限制病毒感染。为了将RNA导向感染的细胞,他们将其包装在狂犬病毒衍生的肽中,使之能够进入神经细胞。这种疗法通过鼻子给药,以避开大脑屏障。


通过siRNA治疗WNV病毒感染

研究人员证明,利用狂犬病毒衍生的神经元靶向肽(RVG9R)和鼻内给药输送小干扰RNA siFvEJW至中枢神经系统,可使感染WNV的晚期小鼠恢复。使用选择性靶向中枢神经系统的病毒可降低脑内的病毒量,减少神经病变。进行治疗5-6天时(病毒滴度在中枢神经系统中达到峰值)小鼠存活率为90%,而安慰剂治疗的小鼠9-10天时死亡。重要的是,中枢神经系统病毒的清除是通过体液和细胞介导的免疫反应在外周组织中实现,这也对随后的WNV感染产生了免疫力。这些结果表明,鼻内RVG9R-siRNA疗法提供了有效的治疗,并且促进了对神经侵袭性病毒的天然长期免疫力。

“这项疗法能够防止大脑中的病变,给予小鼠产生强大免疫反应的机会。” 该研究的主要研究员, 耶鲁大学医学院教授Priti Kumar博士说:“在转化医学方面,它应该是一个有效的策略。” 虽然小鼠鼻子的解剖结构与人类不同,但研究人员计划进一步研究该疗法,希望能够广泛应用。研究人员指出,理论上可以开发鼻内RNA疗法来治疗其他蚊媒的疾病,如圣路易斯脑炎,日本脑炎和寨卡病毒(Zika)。

我们期待这项疗法可以早日应用于临床,为病毒感染的神经侵袭性疾病找到解决方案。

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    2018-10-27 维他命
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    2019-01-08 xjy02
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    2018-04-14 mnda

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