The Lancet: 冠状病毒的肠道感染:SARS-CoV-2的粪口传播的可能性

2020-03-24 公共卫生学术热点追踪 公共卫生学术热点追踪

讨论了新型冠状病毒粪口传播的可能性。

2月19日,《柳叶刀肠胃病和肝病学》The LancetGastroenterology & Hepatology发表了新加坡陈笃生医院的评论文章“Entericinvolvement of coronaviruses: is faecal–oraltransmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible?”,讨论了新型冠状病毒粪口传播的可能性。

现有数据支持SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV可存活环境能促进其粪口传播这种观点。在北京的两家治疗SARS患者的医院的污水中发现了SARS-CoV的RNA。当在另一项实验中将SARS-CoV接种到从医院获得的污水中时,发现该病毒在4°C条间下14天内仍具有传染性,但在20°C下仅持续2天。SARS-CoV干燥后最多可存活2周,在22–25°C和40–50%的相对湿度下仍可存活5天,此后病毒感染力逐渐降低。SARS-CoV的生存力在38°C和80-90%相对湿度下24小时后下降。MERS-CoV在低温、低湿度条件下是可生存的,其可在20°C和40%相对湿度下在不同表面上存活48小时,尽管在30°C和80%相对湿度条件下可存活到8小时。目前,没有SARS-CoV-2的存活力数据。在武汉的早期报道中,2%-10%的COVID-19患者出现胃肠道症状,例如腹泻,腹痛和呕吐。重症监护病房的患者中有腹部疼痛的发生率高于不需要重症监护病房,并且有10%的患者在发烧和呼吸道症状出现前1-2天出现腹泻和恶心。在美国,患者的粪便中检测到SARS-CoV-2的RNA。

SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV在各种条件下的生存能力以及它们在环境中的长期存在表明冠状病毒有可能通过接触或污染物传播。SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV都可以在低温和低湿的条件下生存。尽管直接飞沫传播是重要的传播途径,但粪便排泄、环境污染和污染物可能会导致病毒传播。该文章认为考虑到SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV的粪便排泄的证据,以及它们在有利于粪口传播的条件下保持生存的能力,SARS-CoV-2也可能通过此途径传播。

该文章表示,SARS-CoV-2粪口传播的可能性具有影响,特别是在卫生条件差的地区。在处理被冠状病毒感染的患者的粪便时,必须采取严格的预防措施,并且还应对医院的污水进行适当的消毒。应强调经常和适当的手部卫生的重要性。

此外,该文章指出,关于SARS-CoV-2粪口传播的可能性的未来研究应包括环境研究,以确定该病毒在有利于这种传播的条件下是否仍能存活。需要调查粪便中SARS-CoV-2的RNA的浓度是否与疾病的严重程度以及是否存在胃肠道症状相关,以及是否可以在COVID-19的潜伏期或恢复期检测到粪便中SARS- CoV-2的RNA。

原始出处:
Charleen Yeo,et al. Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible? The Lancet. Published:February 19, 2020

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    2020-12-02 hukaixun
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    2020-05-28 howi
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    2020-03-26 小刀医生
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