PI3K抑制剂的临床发展:旨在改善对实体瘤的治疗效果

2019-04-22 中洪博元生物 健康号

PI3K/AKT/TOR信号通路在诸多人类癌症疾病中都发生了改变。PI3K能被激活的癌基因和/或扩增/突变的酪氨酸激酶(如突变的RAS、ERBB2 (HER2)、MET、BCR ABL和KIT等)异常激活。

PI3K/AKT/TOR信号通路在诸多人类癌症疾病中都发生了改变。PI3K能被激活的癌基因和/或扩增/突变的酪氨酸激酶(如突变的RAS、ERBB2 (HER2)、MET、BCR ABL和KIT等)异常激活。

这些变化与体内和体外转化的表型之间的联系导致了PI3K拮抗剂的大量开发。

PI3K通路在许多癌症中发生突变并异常激活,在肿瘤细胞增殖和存活中起着核心作用,是一个可靠的治疗靶点。然而,最近用PI3K抑制剂治疗实体肿瘤的临床试验结果在很大程度上令人失望。

这里我们列举几个限制其发挥效果的因素:PI3K突变体的弱致癌驱动活性、试验中选择的病人不够理想、药物本身对机体的毒性、当PI3K被阻断时补偿性通路的适应性上调、PI3Kα抑制时胰岛素的水平会增加、缺乏突变的特异性抑制剂、目前与PI3K拮抗剂联合使用的药物研究较少。

肿瘤细胞中PI3K信号通路的药理学抑制在几小时-几天内会伴随着非遗传机制的适应,最终导致其出现耐药性。这种适应性可以很好地解释为RTK诱导的PI3K/AKT/TOR活化,导致AKT介导的FOXO蛋白磷酸化。

反过来,FOXO蛋白转录抑制RTKs和/或激活PI3K的适配器,如HER3、EGFR、IGF1R、胰岛素受体(InsR)和FGFRs。AKT激活TORC1和S6K,抑制IRS1表达,调控通路信号输出。

此外,AKT下游激活的TORC1磷酸化并激活GRB10,后者结合并下调InsR。因此,抑制PI3K/AKT可阻断FOXO磷酸化和抑制RTKs的转录,导致S6K和GRB10的表达下调,从而激活多个RTKs,进而部分维持PIP3的形成。

p110α同工酶和AKT2能调节肌肉,肝脏,脂肪细胞对胰岛素驱使的葡萄糖的吸收,主要是因为葡萄糖转运蛋白易位到细胞膜中。治疗性的抑制PI3K/AKT可阻断胰岛素的作用,从而阻止脂肪组织和骨骼肌摄取葡萄糖,促进肝糖原分解。

而这会导致高血糖,进而导致胰岛素从胰腺释放,使血糖水平正常化。在使用PI3K抑制剂的试验中,血浆中空腹c肽和胰岛素水平也会相应的升高(大多数情况下与高血糖有关),因此,胰岛素是PI3K抑制作用的一个强制性靶向药物动力学代谢物。胰岛素分泌的这种强制性激增可能会激活InsR和PI3K,尤其是在InsR含量高的肿瘤中,并限制PI3K拮抗剂的临床活性。

尽管PI3K抑制剂有这些限制,PI3K抑制剂已经显示出优于单独药物曲妥珠单抗(一种靶向HER2的单克隆抗体结合化疗显着提高了HER2过表达乳腺癌患者的生存率)的临床活性。我们猜想将以下几种药物与PI3K抑制剂组合使用会有较好的效果:CDK4/6抑制剂、抑制胰岛素负反馈条件的抑制剂,如:SGLT2抑制剂等、p110 α和p110 β抑制剂。

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    2019-08-06 jklm09
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    2019-04-26 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1851979, encodeId=a33418519e97d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f0a254918f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54918, encryptionId=f0a254918f0, topicName=抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Tue Aug 06 01:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1797349, encodeId=84561e9734972, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a73022e41aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床发展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=22741, encryptionId=a73022e41aa, topicName=临床发展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c950224, createdName=hjwang79, createdTime=Sun Feb 02 00:25:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1894109, encodeId=c39e189410947, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5e456463eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64637, encryptionId=5e456463eee, topicName=治疗效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=373a131, createdName=jxrzshh, createdTime=Sun Nov 03 21:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=365292, encodeId=802f365292ef, content=了解一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Fri Apr 26 09:08:29 CST 2019, time=2019-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1333215, encodeId=e46a1333215a7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ecfa1423117' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PI3K#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14231, encryptionId=ecfa1423117, topicName=PI3K)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/BF4BC9769C2FF12AC93CAA0069C0696C/100, createdBy=7bb22500091, createdName=ms1292405679162969, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 13:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1536880, encodeId=75861536880e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37121425067' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PI3K抑制剂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14250, encryptionId=37121425067, topicName=PI3K抑制剂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=477612737263, createdName=bbjsj_1983, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 13:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1032137, encodeId=08d3103213ec6, content=谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=内科新手, createdTime=Tue Apr 23 01:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1046805, encodeId=7085104680552, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Apr 23 01:25:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-23 内科新手

    谢谢梅斯提供这么好的信息,学到很多

    0

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    2019-04-23 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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