共识易览:类风湿关节炎的慢病管理如何进行?

2016-04-19 指南君 中华风湿病学杂志

类风湿关节炎(RA) 是一种自身免疫性、系统性的慢性炎症性多关节炎,目前尚无治愈方法。慢病管理(CDM)是指组织慢性病专业医生、护士、药师、康复科医师、精神科医师、营养师等作为一个医疗团队,为慢性病患者提供全面、连续、主动的管理,从而达到促进健康、延缓疾病进程和降低伤残率、降低医药费用的一种科学管理模式。 《类风湿关节炎慢病管理专家共识》包含12 条建议,建议的推荐强度为A到D,具有较高

类风湿关节炎(RA) 是一种自身免疫性、系统性的慢性炎症性多关节炎,目前尚无治愈方法。慢病管理(CDM)是指组织慢性病专业医生、护士、药师、康复科医师、精神科医师、营养师等作为一个医疗团队,为慢性病患者提供全面、连续、主动的管理,从而达到促进健康、延缓疾病进程和降低伤残率、降低医药费用的一种科学管理模式。

《类风湿关节炎慢病管理专家共识》包含12 条建议,建议的推荐强度为A到D,具有较高水平的专家意见一致性。

推荐意见

1. 患者一经诊断RA,在接受治疗的同时,应开始慢病管理。(推荐强度:A;专家评分:1 0.00±0.00)

2. RA 的管理应多学科合作,护士、风湿免疫专科医师、药师、康复科医师、精神科医师、心理咨询师及营养师等共同参与管理,护士应在患者的慢病管理中扮演主要角色,并定期与其他专业的健康工作者沟通。(推荐强度:A;专家评分:9.43±1.40)

3. RA慢病管理的目标是提高患者的自我管理能力,维护患者的身体结构和功能,维持和促进患者的社会参与。(推荐强度:B;专家评分: 9.93±0.33)

4. RA 慢病管理内容应包括自我管理教育、症状管理、药物管理、并发症管理、心理支持、社会及职业支持、康复锻炼。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.93±0.33)

5. RA 患者应学会疼痛、疲劳、疾病活动度以及躯体功能的自我评估方法。(推荐强度:B ;专家评分:9.50±1.00)

6. 对RA患者不同疾病时期的药物治疗方案给予科学的用药指导, 使患者正确认识药物的疗效、不良反应,并使患者知晓不良事件发生时的正确应对方法。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.48±1.68)

7. RA患者应戒烟,避免高糖、含有反式脂肪、油炸的食物和过量酒精,在饮食中添加鱼油有助于改善患者的临床症状和血清中的炎性标记物。(推荐强度:D ;专家评分:9.20±1.49)

8. 重视患者的康复锻炼,医护人员与患者共同制定科学的康复计划,指导患者正确选择矫形器具。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.44±1.01)

9. RA 慢病管理应个体化,初次接待患者时应评估患者的背景(社会人口学资料)、治疗方案、自我管理行为、症状、自我效能、疾病活动度、躯体功能、生活质量、焦虑和抑郁、应对方式以及需求和观点,建立慢病管理档案和患者手册,根据评估内容进行个体化的管理。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.61±0.97)

10. RA 慢病管理应以患者为中心,强调患者参与,培养患者的自我管理技能,鼓励患者自我表达与自我分析,主动与医疗卫生服务提供者沟通,参与治疗和慢病管理计划的制订。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.91±0.36)

11. RA慢病管理应有反馈和评价,鼓励患者记录自我管理行为,与患者约定时间进行电话随访和复诊。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.70±0.82)

12. 重视信息渠道的指导,培养患者辨别信息的能力,鼓励患者从正规渠道搜寻RA相关信息。(推荐强度:C ;专家评分:9.73±0.82)

以上内容节选自:风湿免疫疾病慢病管理全国护理协作组等,类风湿关节炎患者的慢病管理专家共识(2014 版),中华风湿病学杂志.2016,20(2):127-131.

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    2016-04-24 为啥子

    挺不错的

    0

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    2016-04-21 lmm397
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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    文章高大上

    0

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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    值得关注

    0

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