复旦雷群英教授发现槟榔两面性:既能致癌又能治癌?!

2016-11-22 王英 生物通

近期,美国埃默里大学Winship癌症研究所、UT西南医学中心、耶鲁大学医学院和复旦大学等处的研究人员发现,槟榔碱(Arecoline)——槟榔的兴奋剂成分,具有抗癌特性。他们这项研究结果将发表在最新一期的Molecular Cell杂志。 在亚洲的许多国家,槟榔是一种通过咀嚼来获得兴奋剂效应的零食,有证据显示它与口腔癌、食管癌的发展有关。类似于尼古丁,槟榔碱被确定为ACAT1酶的抑制剂,有助于

近期,美国埃默里大学Winship癌症研究所、UT西南医学中心、耶鲁大学医学院和复旦大学等处的研究人员发现,槟榔碱(Arecoline)——槟榔的兴奋剂成分,具有抗癌特性。他们这项研究结果将发表在最新一期的Molecular Cell杂志。

亚洲的许多国家,槟榔是一种通过咀嚼来获得兴奋剂效应的零食,有证据显示它与口腔癌、食管癌的发展有关。类似于尼古丁,槟榔碱被确定为ACAT1酶的抑制剂,有助于癌细胞中扭曲代谢的Warburg效应。

作为一个被广泛引用的例子,健康新闻的观察人士抱怨,咖啡可能导致癌症。本文资深作者、埃默里大学医学院和Winship癌症研究所血液学和肿瘤学教授陈靖博士说,槟榔碱不是另一个同一趋势的实例。他表示:“这只是一个原理论证,表明ACAT1是一个很好的抗癌靶标。我们将槟榔碱视为其他更有效和更具选择性的化合物的一个先锋。”

陈教授说,我们可以把槟榔碱比作砷,砷的一种形式可用于治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病,但也与几种癌症有关。他说,另外,如果不是口服,槟榔碱的促癌作用可能是有限的。

陈教授说:“当槟榔碱首先出现在一次化学筛选中时,我听起来这就像一个致癌物。但致癌作用都取决于剂量,以及它是如何进入人体的。”

该论文的共同第一作者是放射肿瘤学助理教授Jun Fan博士和博士后研究员Ruiting Lin博士。Winship癌症研究所的共同作者包括Taofeek Owonikoko博士、Manila Gaddh博士、Martha Arellano博士、H. Jean Khoury博士、Sumin Kang博士、Paul Doetsch博士,Sagar Lonial博士和Walter Curran博士。复旦大学的雷群英教授和Lu Zhou,也是本文共同作者。

Warburg效应,是以1931年诺贝尔奖获得者Otto Warburg命名的,说明癌细胞倾向于葡萄糖的低效利用,被称为糖酵解,并淡化了它们的线粒体。癌细胞从这个代谢扭曲中受益,因为糖酵解的副产品可以作为快速增长的构建模块。

陈教授的实验室曾发现,线粒体硫解酶ACAT1(乙酰辅酶A乙酰转移酶)作为调节Warburg效应的一个控制阀。在本文中,研究者发现,在多种肿瘤细胞中ACAT1的酶活性较高,即使ACAT1蛋白的水平都差不多。

原因是,蛋白在癌细胞中集群在一起,成为四聚体。酪氨酸激酶,在癌细胞中通常是超速的,可“劫持”ACAT1,并把它变成四聚体,使它们更加具有酶活性。

但是槟榔碱——是在FDA批准的2000个小分子化合物筛选中确定的,可抑制ACAT1并防止其形成四聚体。研究人员发现,槟榔碱可与ACAT1蛋白的一部分形成化学键。

槟榔碱似乎发挥了研究人员认为它会起到的作用:它帮助细胞新陈代谢远离糖酵解。在培养的和移植到小鼠体内的肺癌和白血病细胞中,该化合物可抑制癌细胞的生长,并没有影响正常血细胞的生长。

ACAT1抑制剂可能是有毒的吗?

ACAT1酶似乎有双重作用。它分解酮和氨基酸异亮氨酸,它也通过乙酰化修改其他蛋白质,这就是它如何调节Warburg效应的。

ACAT1中的遗传突变,是一种非常罕见的代谢紊乱(称为β-酮硫解酶缺乏症)的根本原因。ACAT1的完全抑制,可诱导类似于这种疾病的副作用。但是当Winship癌症研究所的研究小组使用槟榔碱或遗传学工具完全“敲除”细胞中的ACAT1时,主要影响是在蛋白乙酰化,而对酮的代谢没有影响。

他说,虽然研究人员在用槟榔碱治疗小鼠时没有发现明显的毒性,但是仍然需要对槟榔碱和类似的化合物,开展更广泛的药代动力学和毒理学研究。

原始出处:

Fan J, Lin R, Xia S, Chen D, Elf SE, Liu S, Pan Y, Xu H, Qian Z, Wang M, Shan C, Zhou L, Lei QY, Li Y, Mao H, Lee BH, Sudderth J, DeBerardinis RJ, Zhang G, Owonikoko T, Gaddh M, Arellano ML, Khoury HJ, Khuri FR, Kang S, Doetsch PW, Lonial S, Boggon TJ, Curran WJ, Chen J. Tetrameric Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase 1 Is Important for Tumor Growth. Mol Cell. 2016 Nov 9. pii: S1097-2765(16)30637-2

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    2017-04-30 yinhl1990
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    2016-11-24 jambiya
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    2016-11-24 saikp
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    2016-11-23 Lke

    xuexile.

    0

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    2016-11-22 doctorJiangchao

    继续学习

    0

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