Cell Metab:糖尿病导致胰腺癌?都是胰岛素惹的祸!

2019-08-06 Ruthy 转化医学网

胰腺癌是一种常见的诊断与治疗都很困难的消化道恶性肿瘤,发展较快、恶性程度高,预后极差,又被称为“癌中之王”。随着对胰腺癌病因和发病机制研究的不断深入,人们发现糖尿病是胰腺癌发生的一个重要危险因素,但二者的相关性尚无明确定论。 近日,哥伦比亚大学的研究人员拨开了糖尿病导致胰腺癌的迷雾,指出糖尿病所致的内源性高胰岛素血症才是胰腺癌的重要罪魁祸首之一!这也意味着对胰腺癌合并糖尿病的患者来说,降糖或许只




胰腺是位于人体腹部深处的一个并不起眼的器官,具有内分泌和外分泌功能。外分泌腺主要分泌胰液,负责消化蛋白质、糖和脂肪;内分泌腺为胰岛细胞团,主要分泌胰高血糖素和胰岛素等,对血糖进行调节。胰腺癌是胰外分泌腺发生的腺癌,它恶性程度高,病程短,发展和恶化速度快,发现时多是晚期,因此治疗效果不理想,死亡率极高。

数据显示,糖尿病尤其是病程5年以上的糖尿病是胰腺癌发生的一个重要危险因素,而胰腺癌合并糖尿病的患者,其糖尿病多数是在胰腺癌确诊前的3年内被发现或与胰腺癌同时诊断,这就意味着糖尿病很可能是胰腺癌的一个早期表现。近年来的研究也指出,糖尿病者发生胰腺癌的几率是无糖尿病者的1倍,且有增加的趋势。我们知道,糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,那么,糖尿病患者招来胰腺癌的青睐是否是因为“太甜”了呢?

高胰岛素血症与胰腺癌

部分糖尿病(以II型糖尿病为主)可使胰岛素的生物学作用被削弱,使人的机体对胰岛素产生抵抗。为了维持一个较正常的血糖水平,机体自我调节机制可使其胰岛β细胞分泌较正常多几倍甚至十几倍的胰岛素来降低血糖,这便造成了高胰岛素血症。也就是说,高胰岛素血症是糖尿病的一个严重后果。

研究表明,胰岛素在体外或体内皆能促使胰腺癌细胞生长,高浓度胰岛素能使胰岛素样生长因子-1受体活化,产生包括细胞周期进程改变的生长促进效应。胰岛素抵抗及其介导的高胰岛素血症可通过激活胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子受体信号通路促进细胞恶性增殖、侵袭及转移,诱使胰腺癌的发生发展。按照这些理论,胰岛素抵抗才是合并糖尿病的胰腺癌患者必须解决的头号难题。事实真是如此吗?

研究人员将被敲除了胰岛素基因的小鼠与正常小鼠进行交叉对比,一年内持续喂食实验小鼠可升高胰岛素水平和促进胰腺癌发生的饮食。结果显示,因胰岛素基因被敲除导致胰岛素水平升高缓慢的小鼠胰腺癌的患癌率为0!他们还证实小鼠体内胰岛素水平越低,小鼠患癌风险也随之降低。这项结果比之单纯的降糖操作效率大大提升。也就是说,糖尿病导致胰腺癌,都是胰岛素抵抗惹的祸!

目前这项研究尚处于动物实验阶段,需要更多数据证实该结论在人体中的准确性。但这些结果为胰腺癌合并糖尿病的治疗提供了新思路,为更多胰腺癌患者带来了新的希望。相信总有一天,我们能最大程度地告别“癌中之王”。

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    2019-09-03 一闲
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    2019-10-07 guojianrong
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    2019-10-23 baoya
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    2020-02-25 维他命
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    2019-08-06 misszhang

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