Diabet Med:高盐饮食或可增加1、2型糖尿病风险!

2017-09-21 漱石 生物探索

一项新研究表明,我们通过食盐摄入的钠可能会增加2型糖尿病和成人隐匿性自身免疫性糖尿病(LADA)的风险。

一项新研究表明,我们通过食盐摄入的钠可能会增加2型糖尿病和成人隐匿性自身免疫糖尿病(LADA)的风险。

根据美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)的数据,在美国,糖尿病影响超过2900万人。2型糖尿病占所有确诊病例的95%,多发于中老年人。而LADA属于1型糖尿病的亚型,与1型糖尿病的自身免疫发病机制相同,特别之处在于其胰岛细胞所受免疫损害呈缓慢性进展,在诊断后初期不需要胰岛素治疗。

瑞典斯德哥尔摩卡罗林斯卡医学院环境医学研究所的Bahareh Rasouli博士与其他瑞典和芬兰机构的研究人员合作进行了一项新的研究,评估了钠摄入量对2型糖尿病和LADA风险的影响。研究人员在葡萄牙里斯本举行的欧洲糖尿病研究协会年会上公布了他们的研究结果。

1每增加一克钠就会增加糖尿病风险

现有的研究已经表明,我们每天通过食盐摄入的钠可能会显着增加患2型糖尿病的风险。研究小组解释说,这可能是因为钠对胰岛素抵抗有影响,同时也因为过量的盐会导致高血压和体重增加。但到目前为止,还没有研究评估过钠摄入量对LADA风险的影响。

“考虑到LADA的自身免疫性成分,”Rasouli博士说,“我们猜想高盐饮食可以加速自身免疫,并在LADA的发病机制中发挥作用。”

Rasouli博士和他的同事们分析了LADA和2型糖尿病风险因素的流行病学研究数据,这是一个瑞典的大型队列研究。研究小组调查了355名被诊断为LADA的患者和1,136名2型糖尿病患者的数据,并将分析结果与健康组1379人进行比较。

问卷收集了参与者每日饮食信息。这些数据能让团队计算每个参与者每天的热量、营养和钠摄入量。Rasouli博士和他的同事们还考虑了糖尿病的遗传风险因素,根据基因图谱,参与者被分为“高风险”和“其他”类别。此外,研究人员还调整了包括年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟、身体活动水平和酒精摄入量在内的混杂变量。

研究人员发现,每天多摄入一克钠(或2.5克盐)与患2型糖尿病的风险增加43%有关。对于LADA来说,每增加一克钠,就会增加73%的疾病风险。

根据钠摄入量的不同,参与者也被分为三组。包括“低摄入”(每日钠含量低于2.4克或最高6克盐),“中等摄入”(2.4到3.15克钠,或最高7.9克盐),“高摄入”(每日钠含量超过3.15克,盐含量超过7.9克)。

在高摄入人群中,患2型糖尿病的风险比低摄入者高出58%。而有糖尿病高遗传风险的人每日高摄入量,几乎是每日低摄入量者的四倍。

2遗传学和饮食之间的相互作用

这些研究“证实了钠摄入量与2型糖尿病之间的关系。”他们补充说,“高钠摄入量可能是LADA的一个危险因素,尤其是在高风险HLA(人类白细胞抗原)基因型携带者中。”这些人已经携带了严重的糖尿病遗传风险。

Rasouli博士告诉我们,这项研究有一个主要的局限性:由于研究是基于问卷调查的,所以参与者可能会忘记相关的细节,从而导致回忆偏差。这种偏差可能导致低估钠摄入量对2型糖尿病和LADA风险的影响。

研究人员还将深入研究糖尿病的饮食和遗传因素之间的相互作用,可能会进一步揭示预防疾病的途径。Rasouli博士还表示,他们打算测试减少盐摄入量对预防这两种糖尿病的影响。

原始出处:
Rasouli B, Andersson T, Carlsson PO, et al.Serious life events and the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and Type 2 diabetes.Diabet Med. 2017 Sep;34(9):1259-1263. doi: 10.1111/dme.13410. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

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    2017-09-22 Drhzm308

    谢谢.学习了

    0

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J AGR FOOD CHEM:高盐饮食或可损伤肝脏

众所周知,摄入过多的盐可导致高血压的发生。近日,发表于Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry的一项的新研究表明,高盐饮食也可导致成人和胚胎的肝损伤。

警惕五种食物,远离胃癌**杀手!

盐是日常调味品,没有不行,多了也麻烦,过多的盐会损伤我们的胃。日本厚生劳动省上世纪90年代曾以日本岩手县、秋田县、长野县和冲绳县4个地区为代表,追踪40—59岁的4万名男女的生活习惯。追踪调查10年后,得出了以下结论:摄取盐分量最多的一组比摄取量最少的一组,得胃癌的人数多了1倍。

Cell Res:中科院全新成果--高盐饮食的危害

钠是人体不可获取的一种营养成分,适量的钠对细胞的正常功能非常关键。机体需要用钠维持渗透压、体液分布、pH值和绝大多数代谢过程。而钠离子流入细胞膜是神经冲动和肌肉收缩的基础。如今我们的食物中含有大量的钠盐,高盐饮食已经成为了公共健康的一大威胁。众所周知,高盐饮食与许多疾病风险有关。然而人们对这其中的机制却知之甚少。中国科学院的研究人员日前在Cell Research杂志上发表文章指出,高水平的盐会使