PNAS:用血红细胞当 “货船”,治疗自身免疫疾病

2017-03-09 卢兆丹 生物通

通过早期小鼠模型,Harvey Lodish 和 Hidde Ploegh 实验室的科学家们采用改良的血红细胞来携带 “疾病 - 特异性抗原 “,有望预防和治疗自身免疫疾病,如多发性硬化症(MS)、一型糖尿病。麻省理工大学生物学和生物工程教授 Lodish 说,对自身免疫疾病的治疗来说,这是非常有潜力的一项进展。如果这种类型的反应也适用于人类,那么它可以应用于许多疾病或病症的治疗。不适当的免疫反应

通过早期小鼠模型,Harvey Lodish 和 Hidde Ploegh 实验室的科学家们采用改良的血红细胞来携带 “疾病 - 特异性抗原 “,有望预防和治疗自身免疫疾病,如多发性硬化症(MS)、一型糖尿病


麻省理工大学生物学和生物工程教授 Lodish 说,对自身免疫疾病的治疗来说,这是非常有潜力的一项进展。如果这种类型的反应也适用于人类,那么它可以应用于许多疾病或病症的治疗。

不适当的免疫反应会导致自身免疫疾病,从类风湿关节炎到系统性红斑狼疮,再到炎症性肠道疾病。美国国立卫生研究院估计自身免疫疾病影响着超过 2300 万的美国人。通常的治疗手段是采用免疫抑制阻止剂患者过度的免疫反应,但是,这些药物同时也不分青红皂白地破坏了机体对病原体的免疫反应。

抗原是指能够刺激人或动物机体产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞,并能与这些产物发生特异性反应的物质。抗原与抗原提呈细胞结合、内化,形成内体,在内体中,抗原被蛋白酶降解成多肽,即抗原肽,一般指具有免疫原性的多肽或抗原衍生肽。

利用从问题细胞中获得的细胞抗原肽,研究人员训练免疫系统忽视该种抗原引发的免疫反应。这种训练方法被称为——耐受性诱导。但是这种方法也存在一些问题,包括抗原肽的运输问题,如何避免它们提前降解或是被免疫细胞拦截。

为了避免上述状况,Lodish 和 Ploegh 实验室驯养了血红细胞来承担运输角色。

血红细胞特别适合为全身输送分子。这些细胞不仅能够快速接触到几乎每一个组织,而且再生周期短(老鼠 1 个月,人 4 个月),不会引发任何免疫反应。在以往的研究中,研究团队利用一种被称作 “sortagging” 的方法将生物素(一个化学标签)和抗体与血红细胞连接。

Novalia Pishesha 是一名在 Lodish 和 Ploegh 实验室就读的研究生。他抽取了一型糖尿病小鼠和 MS 小鼠的血液,利用 sortagging 将引发免疫反应的抗原修饰在血红细胞上,然后,分别输回老鼠体内(整个过程大概仅需 1 个小时)。在小鼠中,有效减少了疾病的发病症状,甚至仅一次注射就可以预防进一步的炎症反应。虽然抗原肽可以有效地刺激诱导耐受性,但是分子和细胞层面上的机理还没有被阐述清楚。

本文的一作 Pishesha 说,本质上,我们做的是劫持红细胞来清扫呈递路径,使抗原伪装成红细胞自身,来增强这些抗原在运送过程中的耐受性。

Ploegh 进一步指出,我们的研究还可以帮助进一步了解免疫系统的自我调节,以及它们为什么有时会出错。值得注意的是,血红细胞本身并不是一个免疫绝缘体。从本质上说,免疫系统是能够区别基因型不同的血红细胞的。比如,我们用来与抗原肽结合的铆钉点之一,Kell 蛋白,就是一个红细胞血型抗原。这就是一个很有趣的现象,Pishesha 的这个技术可以帮我们探索,免疫系统是如何区分自我与非自我的。

Rubius 生物科技公司,正在进行将改良血红细胞用于临床治疗相关研发工作。

原文检索:Novalia Pisheshaa,Angelina M. Bilatea,Marsha C. Wibowoa,et al. Engineered erythrocytes covalently linked to antigenic peptides can protect against autoimmune disease PNAS,online the week of March 6, 2107.

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    2017-04-14 drwjr
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    2017-04-01 小驹

    之前有研究将HIV病毒诱导进入红细胞

    0

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    2017-03-19 jiuling

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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