NEJM:在孕妇中,新冠肺炎病毒的无症状感染者比例高达8成

2020-04-15 MedSci MedSci原创

医学专业人士普遍认为,无症状感染者有一定的传染性,但传染力一般较弱,传染性比有症状感染者低很多。但德国和美国近期公布的多个研究成果,让公众了解到无症状感染者的规模和潜在风险,可能比此前预知的要大得多。

医学专业人士普遍认为,无症状感染者有一定的传染性,但传染力一般较弱,传染性比有症状感染者低很多。但德国和美国近期公布的多个研究成果,让公众了解到无症状感染者的规模和潜在风险,可能比此前预知的要大得多。不过,新冠肺炎的无症状感染者的比例,以及风险目前认知还不深刻。无症状感染者能否传染,一直是备受关注的话题。

近日《自然》杂志发表题为《新型冠状病毒肺炎住院患者病毒学评估》的论文,德国科学家克里斯钦·特劳森团队的研究表明,新冠肺炎症状出现8天后便不再分离活病毒,说明患者带活病毒时间不长。详细见:Nature:新冠病毒四大特性被发现,有助于防控策略改变。 美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)主任罗伯特•雷德菲尔德日前指出,美国多达25%的新冠病毒感染者是无症状感染者,这或许是实行隔离举措后病毒仍继续传播的原因之一。

但美国的研究者在一项对215名孕妇的抽样研究中提供了新的数据,表明无症状感染者的数目是新冠肺炎患者的7.25倍。这一新的研究成果4月13日刊登在知名医学杂志《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Medical Journal)上。

这项研究于3月22日至4月4日在纽约长老会医院和哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心进行。研究人员对215名即将分娩的产妇进行了新冠肺炎症状筛查,同时做了核酸检查。在215名孕妇中,只有4人在入院时出现发烧或其他症状,她们的病毒检测都呈阳性。其余211名女性中210名没有症状,其中29人检测结果呈阳性。

因此,33名确诊的孕妇中,有29人(约87.9%)是无症状感染者,她们没有意识自己感染了病毒。这29例无症状感染者是新冠肺炎患者(4例)的7.25倍。除此之外,还有一名原来检测结果为阴性的孕妇,在分娩后却出现了感染新冠肺炎的症状。根据研究结果显示,她在第一次接受检测的三天后又接受了一次检测。

在这项抽样研究中,在检测阳性的患者中,无症状感染者是新冠肺炎患者的7.25倍,这显示了无症状感染的风险以及大规模检测的必要性。当然,由于这一研究的样本相对有限,所以需要更多的研究进行对照。最初由美国国家过敏和传染病研究所 (NIAID)、美国国防部及马里兰州技术开发公司(TEDCO)共同出资(种子轮)启动的生物技术公司Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc.总裁及首席科学家贾瓦德·阿曼(M. Javad Aman)表示:(无症状感染者有如此高的传染力)很有可能。不过这一研究没有挖掘假阴性的问题。但它表明无症状感染的人呈阳性的可能。假阴性的现象可能加剧了我们对新冠肺炎疫情的低估。

贾瓦德·阿曼指出,现在需要进行针对整个人群的随机研究,只有通过抗体测试和对照研究,才能准确地了解一个地区民众染病和康复的状况。

原始出处:

Desmond Sutton, et al. Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery. NEJM, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2009316.

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    2020-04-15 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-04-15 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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