Sci Transl Med:重要证据!高脂肪饮食对肝脏“危害持久”

2018-11-13 Chen 生物探索

不管是对健身的人,还是对想减肥的人,“控制饮食”都是一大难题。很多人都会偶尔放纵自己,认为过段时间再调整到“健康饮食”就可以了。然而,近日发表在《科学》杂志子刊上的一项研究可能要给有这种想法的人“泼冷水”了!

不管是对健身的人,还是对想减肥的人,“控制饮食”都是一大难题。很多人都会偶尔放纵自己,认为过段时间再调整到“健康饮食”就可以了。然而,近日发表在《科学》杂志子刊上的一项研究可能要给有这种想法的人“泼冷水”了!

11月3日,《Science Translational Medicine 》刊登了一篇题为“An optical nanoreporter of endolysosomal lipid accumulation reveals enduring effects of diet on hepatic macrophages in vivo”的论文。来自Memorial Sloan Kettering癌症中心等机构的科学家们发现,食用高脂肪、高糖饮食会导致有害的脂肪积累在肝脏。最让人头疼的是,即便之后切换到更健康的饮食,对肝脏的伤害也可能无法扭转。

具体来说,在这项新研究中,科学家们开发了一种能够检测及无创追踪肝脏中脂肪积累的纳米传感器。利用这一新技术,他们首先分析了高脂肪、高糖饮食对小鼠肝脏的影响;接着,分析了当小鼠回到“健康的饮食”会带来怎样的结果。令人惊讶的是,研究人员发现,尽管回到健康饮食后,脂肪积累下降了,但即便很久以后,一些残余的脂肪依然在某些肝脏细胞中。

论文的通讯作者Daniel Heller博士说:“进行一个短期的、不健康的‘饮食狂欢’是一个坏主意!肝脏会记得!”


Fat cells. Credit: Shutterstock

非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease)影响多达30%的美国人。这类患者肝脏中积累着过多的脂肪。其中,将脂肪积累在“Kupffer细胞”中(尤其是积累在这类肝脏细胞的溶酶体中)的人似乎更有可能发展成严重的肝脏疾病。

目前,一些成像工具(如超声、磁共振成象)能够帮助识别患脂肪肝的人,但是这些技术往往提供较少详细的信息。而新研究中,Heller博士团队开发的纳米传感器是首个实现无创检测Kupffer细胞溶酶体中脂肪的工具。这一突破有望帮助识别出病情最可能会恶化的人。

据介绍,这一微小的传感器比人类头发宽度小约1000倍,由单链DNA缠绕在一个单壁碳纳米管(a single-walled carbon nanotube)上制成。当检测到脂肪在溶酶体中积累后,纳米传感器发出的光的颜色会变化。因此,光的颜色对应了肝脏中的脂肪含量。

科学家们认为,除了测量疾病进展,这些纳米传感器也许还能帮助加速与脂肪肝疾病及其治疗相关的研究。

原始出处:Galassi TV1,2, Jena PV1, Shah J1, et al. An optical nanoreporter of endolysosomal lipid accumulation reveals enduring effects of diet on hepatic macrophages in vivo. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Oct 3;10(461). 

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    2019-09-19 bsmagic9140
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    2018-11-15 pcw111
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    2018-11-15 hb2008ye

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