Biol Direct:在人类的肠道,有全新的第四种生命形式

2015-11-19 佚名 煎蛋网

我们的消化系统是细菌的港湾,它们怪异而奇妙。这些独特的住户不仅影响我们消化食物,甚至可能影响我们的思考和行为,而我们对此的理解才刚刚开始。新研究表明,人类肠道的境况比我们过去所认为的更加奇特。生物学家表示,为了描述这些小居民,我们可能需要定义一种全新类型的生命形式。巴黎第六大学的研究团队试图重新定义结肠内有机体的归类方式。它们研究了86个不同的基因家族,发现其DNA序列十分奇怪,不属于现今已知的三

我们的消化系统是细菌的港湾,它们怪异而奇妙。这些独特的住户不仅影响我们消化食物,甚至可能影响我们的思考和行为,而我们对此的理解才刚刚开始。新研究表明,人类肠道的境况比我们过去所认为的更加奇特。生物学家表示,为了描述这些小居民,我们可能需要定义一种全新类型的生命形式。

巴黎第六大学的研究团队试图重新定义结肠内有机体的归类方式。它们研究了86个不同的基因家族,发现其DNA序列十分奇怪,不属于现今已知的三种生命形式中的任何一种。这三种生命形式分别为细菌、古生菌、真核生物。古生菌一度被归为细菌,但它们拥有不同的生物化学组成,前者可以在更为极端的环境下存活;而真核生物包括真菌、植物、动物。

他们分析了微生物样本,恢复了约23万条DNA序列,它们属于那86个基因家族的已知序列。之后,他们将这些序列作为二次分析的起点——这和用你父亲而非你自己的DNA深入挖掘你的祖先有些相似,这又进一步恢复出属于那86个基因家族的8万条微生物DNA序列。然而,其中三分之一的DNA序列非常奇特,它和任何已知的基因序列仅有不到60%的共同点。这种程度的不同足以使人们为其分隔出不同的生命领域,例如细菌和古生菌。

然而,在添加第四领域之前,科学家还需要在实验室里分离并研究这些有机体,但这并不容易。如今,约99%的微生物无法在实验室里进行培养,这也是我们仍对这些基本生命形式有众多不解的原因。另外,许多基因在不同的微生物之间切换,进一步加深人们的困惑,而这也是该研究仅关注没有交叉现象的基因家族的原因之一。

该研究表明,我们对这最多样化的微生物群体的理解多么有限,而这鼓励我们深入探索这一自然群体及其遗传资源。这是个重要却未知的生命领域,它仍有待我们的发掘。让我们共同期待这些有机体有多非同寻常吧!

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    2016-12-09 MyQueen

    崇拜

    0

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    2015-12-18 sunylz
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    2016-09-09 sjq027
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    2015-11-25 1ddf1badm78(暂无匿称)

    基因怎么在各个生命体里传递?怎么维持稳定性?

    0

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