Cell Metab:中和GDF-15可减轻铂类化学药物引起的呕吐、厌食以及体重减轻

2020-11-23 生物探索 生物探索

中和GDF-15是一种潜在的治疗方法,可以减轻化疗引起的副作用,提高患者生活质量。

铂类药物是全球用于癌症治疗使用最广泛的的药物,众人熟知的就有顺铂、卡铂和奥沙利铂等。然而铂类药物的使用一直受到其使用后的不良反应的限制,包括恶心呕吐、厌食、体重减轻等,这些副作用的存在降低了患者的生存质量以及治疗依从性。

尽管铂类药物已经在临床使用了近50年,但对其产生的不良反应的机制仍知之甚少。近年来,有报道提出生长分化因子GDF-15在动物模型中可以引发厌食和体重减轻等不良反应,且已证明铂类药物会增加睾丸癌患者循环中的GDF-15水平。GDF-15在大脑最后区 (area postrema, AP)和孤束核 (nucleus of the solitary tract, NTS)中选择性地表达,并通过激活神经胶质细胞源性神经营养因子受体样 (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha-like, GFRAL)来调节能量平衡。前期研究也表明增加GDF-15会增加后脑 (AP和NTS),臂旁核和杏仁核中c-Fos的表达,而这些大脑区域对于应激条件下厌食行为调节至关重要,这些研究都提示顺铂和GDF-15之间可能存在关联。

2020年11月17日,美国辉瑞公司Danna M. Breen研究团队在《细胞-代谢》上在线发表了一篇题为“GDF-15 Neutralization Alleviates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis, Anorexia, and Weight Loss in Mice and Nonhuman Primates”的文章。他们发现在小鼠和非人类灵长类动物中,中和生长分化因子15(GDF-15)可减轻铂类化学药物引起的呕吐、厌食以及体重减轻。

研究团队首先对患有非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、结直肠癌卵巢癌,且接受铂类或非铂类化疗的癌症患者的血清GDF-15水平进行了检测。结果表明:与健康对照组相比,NSCLC、结直肠癌和卵巢癌患者的循环血中GDF-15的水平更高;与非铂类化疗相比,接受铂类化疗的受试者的平均GDF-15水平也更高,并且这些较高水平的循环GDF-15也与患者出现的的体重降低明显相关。

其次,研究团队通过一系列实验来探讨顺铂诱导的厌食和体重减轻等副作用对GDF-15的依赖性。结果表明,在对野生型和GDF-15 敲除的小鼠使用顺铂后,野生型小鼠用顺铂治疗8小时即出现血浆GDF-15水平的升高,且在此期间未检测到其他任何循环炎症蛋白的异常,例如IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2等。而且野生型小鼠中进行顺铂治疗后也表现出明显的体重减轻,而这种情况在GDF-15 敲除的小鼠中症状得到明显缓解。此外,在GDF-15 敲除的小鼠中也未观察到顺铂引起的厌食反应。

实验流程图

mAB1是抗人GDF-15的单克隆抗体,可中和循环中的GDF-15,从而防止其与GFRAL受体结合,对非人灵长类和小鼠GDF-15具有高水平的交叉反应性。因此,研究人员尝试用人GDF-15过表达模型来证明mAB1对GDF-15的中和作用。结果发现,与对照组相比,感染重组人GDF-15腺相关病毒的野生型小鼠其循环人GDF-15水平升高且小鼠体重明显减轻,与此同时分别给予小鼠mAB1和IgG治疗,前者能够迅速引起体重的增加。而在没有感染重组人GDF-15腺相关病毒的小鼠中给予mAB1治疗则不会引起体重的变化。

最后,研究人员还使用非人类灵长类动物食蟹猴进行了相关实验。结果与预测一致,通过mAB1来中和循环血中的GDF-15,其呕吐的发生率显着降低。而且研究人员也同样证明用mAB1中和GDF-15后可减轻顺铂诱导的非小细胞肺癌荷瘤小鼠的体重减轻且不会影响顺铂本身的抑制肿瘤生长的作用,并能够提高存活率。

总之,本篇文章通过探讨GDF-15对铂化疗引起的小鼠和/或非人灵长类动物的呕吐、厌食和体重减轻的影响发现,中和GDF-15是一种潜在的治疗方法,可以减轻化疗引起的副作用,提高患者生活质量。

原始出处:

Breen DN, et al. GDF-15 Neutralization Alleviates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis, Anorexia, and Weight Loss in Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Cell Metablism, 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.023.

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    2021-03-04 维他命
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    2020-12-29 一闲
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    2021-04-06 guojianrong
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    2020-11-25 fengxx

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