J Allergy Clin Immunol:一箭双雕!过敏性哮喘和肿瘤的**靶点被发现!

2018-11-09 Ruthy,Zoe 转化医学网

近期,巴西炎症性疾病研究中心(CRID)的研究人员发现了免疫系统中一种常见基因—Blimp-1竟具有“平衡木”作用,当其表达不足时,过敏性哮喘就来敲门,而其一旦过表达,各种肿瘤就蜂拥而至!

如果说我们的身体是一个国家,那么免疫系统就是一支强大的军队,其职责就是将一切危害身体的因素扼杀在起点。正如要求军队始终不尝败绩近乎天方夜谭,免疫系统偶尔也会架不住“外敌”入侵,导致疾病不期而至。那么,免疫系统是如何行差就错,令疾病纷至沓来的呢?近期,巴西炎症性疾病研究中心(CRID)的研究人员发现了免疫系统中一种常见基因—Blimp-1竟具有“平衡木”作用,当其表达不足时,过敏性哮喘就来敲门,而其一旦过表达,各种肿瘤就蜂拥而至!



Blimp-1基因其实并不罕见,其编码的蛋白就是B细胞诱导成熟蛋白(同样写作Blimp-1),对B细胞分化为浆细胞和浆细胞分泌免疫球蛋白起着重要的调节作用,同时也对T细胞的稳态和功能维持起着至关重要的作用。那Blimp-1的“平衡木”作用是怎么回事呢?这就要说到Blimp-1调控的一种特殊的T细胞—Th9细胞了。



Blimp-1与Th9细胞数负相关

Th9细胞是到08年才发现的一种以分泌白细胞介素-9(IL-9)为特征的,不同于其他CD4+T淋巴细胞亚群的一种新亚群,其分泌的IL-9 的免疫生物学功能有双向性,它既能促进一些疾病的发生发展,又能抑制一些疾病的发展。

换言之,真正有“平衡木”作用的是IL-9,“平衡木”两端的疾病就是过敏性哮喘和肿瘤,而研究证实Blimp-1蛋白是IL-9的强效抑制剂,Blimp-1与Th9细胞数呈强烈的负相关,Blimp-1基因就是通过调节IL-9控制Th9细胞基数,而Th9细胞基数,正是决定过敏性哮喘和肿瘤的重要因素。




Blimp-1缺乏导致过敏性哮喘

过敏性哮喘是一种以呼吸道慢性炎症与支气管高反应性为特征的疾病。过往,人们一直认为肺部超敏反应由Th2细胞主导,但针对过敏性哮喘的药物—抗组胺药,支气管扩张剂和皮质类固醇往往治标不治本。

最新的研究证实,Th9细胞源性的 IL-9 能够促进肥大细胞的增殖并释放 IL-13,而IL-13能够进一步促进肺部粘液的分泌并引起气道高反应性,只要Th9细胞被阻断,就能使过敏性哮喘康复。也就是说,想要根治过敏性哮喘,Th9细胞才是首要目标。既然要从“根”上阻断过敏性哮喘,只要让Blimp-1过表达,问题不就迎刃而解了?答案是,没那么简单。

说了半天Th9细胞在过敏性哮喘中的作用,也不能忘记Th9细胞同时还是重要的淋巴细胞!淋巴细胞干什么的?肿瘤的爆发往往伴随的不就是免疫系统崩溃,淋巴系统罢工吗?如果让Blimp-1过表达彻底阻断了Th9细胞的功能,结果将不堪设想!

有研究证实,Th9细胞不同于传统的CD4+T淋巴细胞,采用了一套前所未知的加速增值方案来达到类似于长寿记忆T细胞的功能,因此可以在体内长期“存在”。Th9细胞的杀伤功能对晚期体内肿瘤来说可谓是毁天灭地的打击,甚至是恶性肿瘤最后的救星!如果为了治疗过敏性哮喘强行让Blimp-1过表达,就会让免疫屏障彻底打破,让各种肿瘤不请自来!所以,对肿瘤患者来说,Blimp-1最好是不要表达了!这似乎也难以做到。

简而言之,Blimp-1这个“平衡木”不能轻易动,一旦不稳,就可能招致祸端。但是不动的话岂不是让研究成为空谈?研究人员指出,动是自然可以动,最重要的是要把握住“度”。在过敏性哮喘和肿瘤间,Blimp-1的表达存在一个安全域,现今要做的就是准确划分这个安全域,并在此基础上研发过敏性哮喘的根治药和针对肿瘤的抗癌药及细胞疗法,就能同时造福这两类疾病的患者了。

原始出处:Luciana Benevides, PhD, Renata Sesti Costa, PhD, Lucas Alves Tavares, Msc, et al. B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 controls TH9 cell development, IL-9 production, and allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. (2018)

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    2018-11-20 shunshun_9

    受益匪浅,谢谢

    0

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    2018-11-10 膀胱癌
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    2018-11-09 nanhaizhihuo2009

    学习了,谢谢!

    0

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    2018-11-09 曹~~

    看来我的哮喘不要过于控制

    0

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    2018-11-09 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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