春季怎样防治小儿过敏性哮喘

2018-04-02 陈潞梅 上海药讯

哮喘是儿科最常见的,由多种细胞参与的气道慢性炎症疾病,其特点是气道炎症、气道阻塞和气道的过敏反应,春季是小儿过敏哮喘的高发季节。虽然是高发疾病,但其实它是一种可以被控制和预防的疾病。因此深入了解有助于更好地治疗儿童过敏性哮喘。


陈潞梅  上海长征医院药学部

哮喘是儿科最常见的,由多种细胞参与的气道慢性炎症疾病,其特点是气道炎症、气道阻塞和气道的过敏反应,春季是小儿过敏哮喘的高发季节。虽然是高发疾病,但其实它是一种可以被控制和预防的疾病。因此深入了解有助于更好地治疗儿童过敏性哮喘。

1儿童过敏性哮喘的临床表现

一般典型的哮喘患者都会经历几个时期:呼吸急促期、喘息期、持续咳嗽期和疾病缓解期这4个时期,通常儿童过敏性哮喘的典型症状有鼻痒、鼻炎、喷嚏、咳嗽不止等症状,严重者甚至会有呼吸困难和高调呼吸音的症状,在儿童出现持续的咳嗽、流鼻涕的症状后,一定要多加注意,很有可能是哮喘的前期症状。

2怎样治疗呢?

哮喘发作期

哮喘一旦发作,要及早控制,使哮喘发作对小气道造成的破化作用降到最低。药物的主要作用是舒张小气道,抗过敏、解除呼吸困难,达到平喘目的,雾化作为一线用药。

常用药物:沙丁胺醇气雾剂、特布他林雾化液[博利康尼]、吸入用布地奈德混悬液[普米克令]等雾化吸入药物

哮喘缓解期

发作得到控制,但小气道的炎症还是持续存在的,仍然需要每天坚持服用预防性药物。吸入剂量由医生根据病情而定。

常用药物:孟鲁司特钠颗粒[顺尔宁]、盐酸丙卡特罗糖浆[美普清]、抗过敏药物(氯雷他定糖浆[开瑞坦]、盐酸西替利嗪滴剂[仙特明])等。

寻找过敏原

去除过敏原是根治的主要方法,如果寻找呢?其一家长们可以通过平时生活环境去观察宝宝在什么情况下会剧烈咳嗽;其二借助血液过敏原测试,寻找答案。 

3怎样预防?

预防呼吸道感染

由于现在空气污染严重,小朋友去公共场合时需勤带口罩,要选用过滤效果和吸附效果较好的活性碳口罩;其次经常开窗保持通风,被褛床单勤晒太阳,减少宝宝接触到的尘螨;最后保持宝宝鼻黏膜的干燥,将鱼肝油和橄榄油涂抹在鼻粘膜上,将鼻黏膜与空气适当隔离。

注意饮食、增强体育锻炼

家长们需要注意平时宝宝的营养均衡,不吃过敏源食物,要教育少吃肥腻的食物,生食和冷食也尽可能少吃,同时对鱼虾、海鲜过敏的患者一定要禁食,要适当运动,及时增减衣物。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2046951, encodeId=31dc204695109, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f5294036b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#过敏性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94036, encryptionId=6f5294036b1, topicName=过敏性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Sun Jun 24 23:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304998, encodeId=b0463049988b, content=学习学习吧.很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 06:31:04 CST 2018, time=2018-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1499952, encodeId=cf92149995274, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fcf094038bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#过敏性哮喘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94038, encryptionId=fcf094038bb, topicName=过敏性哮喘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=71a19396608, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Apr 04 06:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302143, encodeId=b2b130214366, content=:好文章.学习了.收益很大., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Apr 02 22:13:40 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302066, encodeId=10db3020665e, content=学习学习.知之为知之, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 15:57:45 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-12 易水河

    学习学习吧.很好

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2046951, encodeId=31dc204695109, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f5294036b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#过敏性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94036, encryptionId=6f5294036b1, topicName=过敏性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a8e213, createdName=hongbochen, createdTime=Sun Jun 24 23:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=304998, encodeId=b0463049988b, content=学习学习吧.很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Thu Apr 12 06:31:04 CST 2018, time=2018-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1499952, encodeId=cf92149995274, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fcf094038bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#过敏性哮喘#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94038, encryptionId=fcf094038bb, topicName=过敏性哮喘)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=71a19396608, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Apr 04 06:03:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302143, encodeId=b2b130214366, content=:好文章.学习了.收益很大., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=60791943465, createdName=1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Apr 02 22:13:40 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302066, encodeId=10db3020665e, content=学习学习.知之为知之, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKibA62IFMeUJEmSyIe8DvYFeERuOsfrRd8iano7nENqQU1dRR3tqeQOUL3eqgYgEZRT2t2iaEsib0JEw/132, createdBy=66771693911, createdName=易水河, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 15:57:45 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-04-02 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    :好文章.学习了.收益很大.

    0

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    2018-04-02 易水河

    学习学习.知之为知之

    0

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