Cell Death & Differ:时玉舫等间充质干细胞介导的免疫调节获进展

2012-07-03 上海生科院 上海生科院

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是在机体内广泛存在的一种具有多向分化潜能的组织干细胞。更由于其具有重要的免疫调节作用而受到重视,近些年来在疾病模式动物模型和临床研究上MSCs被尝试应用于治疗免疫紊乱疾病。尽管有不少文章报道称MSCs有非常良好的治疗效果,但是其治疗适应症、诊疗时机选择和作用机制等有待进一步研究。 最近,《Cell Death & Differentiation》杂志在线发表了中科

间充质干细胞(MSCs)是在机体内广泛存在的一种具有多向分化潜能的组织干细胞。更由于其具有重要的免疫调节作用而受到重视,近些年来在疾病模式动物模型和临床研究上MSCs被尝试应用于治疗免疫紊乱疾病。尽管有不少文章报道称MSCs有非常良好的治疗效果,但是其治疗适应症、诊疗时机选择和作用机制等有待进一步研究。

最近,《Cell Death & Differentiation》杂志在线发表了中科院上海生科院/上海交大医学院健康所时玉舫研究组关于MSCs在调节免疫反应具有双重调节作用的最新发现(Mesenchymal stem cells, a double-edged sword in regulating immune responses)。该工作主要由博士生李文钊在时玉舫研究员的指导下完成。在该研究组此前的工作已发现MSCs在炎症因子刺激下能够分泌大量的趋化因子和具有免疫抑制特性的一氧化氮或者是吲哚2,3-双加氧酶(IDO)。在趋化因子的作用下,免疫细胞被趋化到MSCs周围并被其局部高浓度的一氧化氮或者IDO引起的色氨酸缺乏所抑制。然而在该研究中, MSCs被发现在一定条件下同样可以促进免疫反应。首先,如果MSCs所处环境中没有足够的促炎症细胞因子诱导其产生足量的一氧化氮,MSCs是可以增强免疫反应的。其次,即便在能引起MSCs发挥免疫抑制的环境中,当一氧化氮的形成被阻断的时候,MSCs同样可以显著地增强T 细胞的增殖,这一现象在体外的细胞增殖实验以及迟发超敏反应的疾病动物模型中都得到了充分的验证。进一步的研究发现,iNOS缺失的MSCs能明显抑制黑色素瘤在小鼠上的生长。而在CCR5和CXCR3这两种趋化因子受体缺失的小鼠体内没有发现这种免疫促进作用,表明MSCs介导的免疫促进作用依赖于其自身产生的趋化因子。因此,一氧化氮是控制MSCs介导的免疫调节作用的核心调控因素。当一氧化氮的合成被阻断时,促炎症因子激活的MSCs可以通过趋化作用吸引免疫细胞聚集到其周围进而促进免疫反应。同样的,在人来源的MSCs中当阻断IDO的作用时也能观察到免疫促进的现象。总之,MSCs发挥免疫调节作用受到炎症反应状态和一氧化氮/IDO产生量的影响:当一氧化氮和IDO产生量较高的时候可以抑制免疫反应,反之则可以通过其产生的趋化因子对免疫细胞的募集来促进免疫反应。这些发现对间充质干细胞的临床应用具有重要的实践意义。在疾病动物模型和临床治疗应用中,须评价和调节患者炎症状况和能影响iNOS/IDO表达的药物,以建立新的优化治疗策略。

本课题得到了科技部973重大科学研究计划、重大新药创制专项、中科院战略先导研究专项、上海市科委研究项目以及美国NIH等的支持。

doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.26
PMC:
PMID:

Mesenchymal stem cells: a double-edged sword in regulating immune responses

W Li1, G Ren2, Y Huang1, J Su1, Y Han1, J Li1, X Chen1, K Cao1, Q Chen1, P Shou1, L Zhang2, Z-R Yuan2, A I Roberts2, S Shi3, A D Le3 and Y Shi1,2

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed successfully to treat various immune disorders in animal models and clinical settings. Our previous studies have shown that MSCs can become highly immunosuppressive upon stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, an effect exerted through the concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide (NO). Here, we show that MSCs can also enhance immune responses. This immune-promoting effect occurred when proinflammatory cytokines were inadequate to elicit sufficient NO production. When inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production was inhibited or genetically ablated, MSCs strongly enhance T-cell proliferation in vitro and the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in vivo. Furthermore, iNOS−/− MSCs significantly inhibited melanoma growth. It is likely that in the absence of NO, chemokines act to promote immune responses. Indeed, in CCR5−/−CXCR3−/− mice, the immune-promoting effect of iNOS−/− MSCs is greatly diminished. Thus, NO acts as a switch in MSC-mediated immunomodulation. More importantly, the dual effect on immune reactions was also observed in human MSCs, in which indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) acts as a switch. This study provides novel information about the pathophysiological roles of MSCs.

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    2013-06-09 isabellayj
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    2012-12-12 维他命
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    2012-07-05 cy0328

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Cancer Cell:ID1和ID3调节结肠癌起始细胞自我更新

6月12日,Cancer Cell杂志报道了结肠癌肿瘤起始细胞自我更新性调节机制的最新进展。 越来越多的证据表明,某些肿瘤内部是分等级,分层次组织起来的。其中,有一群称为肿瘤起始细胞(C-ICs)的相对稀有细胞起着维持整个肿瘤群落的作用。虽然,已知在连续的移植情况下仍可形成新的肿瘤是C-ICs的一个重要特征,但这个过程的控制基因却一直不明。 本研究发现,DNA结合抑制子1(ID1)和DNA结合

Cancer Cell:胰腺癌治疗的新靶点

近日,一项新的研究发现胰腺癌细胞运用一种策略削弱免疫系统,使他肿瘤细胞自身能够逃脱免疫细胞的破坏。 这项研究由国家卫生研究院以及欧文顿研究所癌症研究所博士后奖学金计划等资助,并发表在Cancer Cell杂志上。 胰腺癌以其侵略性恶名昭彰。在过去五年中,只有4%的患者生存下来,目前可用的治疗胰腺癌的手段基本是无效的。 Dafna Bar-Sagi博士说:这是非常重要的,我们应了解如何中断这种

Mol Cell Bio:紧密连接蛋白促进乳腺癌肝转移

紧密连接蛋白与恶性肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系,Claudin蛋白是细胞间的紧密连接蛋白的主要结构之一。Claudin蛋白目前研究较多,其中与恶性肿瘤相关的Claudin蛋白主要有7种,不同的肿瘤组织表达的Claudin类蛋白种类、量是不同的,在研究恶性肿瘤诊断、治疗的新手段方面,Claudin蛋白有很大前景。 早期研究确定蛋白紧密连接-2(claudin-2)是乳腺癌肝转移的重要功能性调解因子