ELIFE:神经元控制运动的奥秘

2017-04-19 枫丹白露 来宝网

卡内基梅隆大学工程学院和匹兹堡大学的新研究表明,运动皮层神经元可以最佳地调整如何以最优的方式编码运动。这些发现增强了我们对大脑如何控制运动的理解,并有可能提高脑机接口或神经假肢的性能和可靠性,可以帮助瘫痪患者和截肢者。



卡内基梅隆大学工程学院和匹兹堡大学的新研究表明,运动皮层神经元可以最佳地调整如何以最优的方式编码运动。这些发现增强了我们对大脑如何控制运动的理解,并有可能提高脑机接口或神经假肢的性能和可靠性,可以帮助瘫痪患者和截肢者。

生物医学工程系和神经认知基础中心的助理教授Steven Chase说:“我们的大脑具有惊人的能力,通过改变个体神经元,来优化处理自己的信息。如果我们能够理解这个过程,因为它适用于运动,我们可以设计更精确的神经假体。例如,我们有一天可以设计出更准确地实施患者预期运动的机器人手臂,因为我们现在更好地了解当我们运动时我们的大脑如何随时调整。

该研究探讨了通过虚拟现实在2-D和3-D中执行的简单运动任务期间大脑活动的变化。研究人员想知道运动皮层神经元是否会自动调整它们对方向的敏感度,当呈现宽范围的可能方向,而不是狭窄的方向。以前在该领域的研究表明,称为动态范围适应,这种现象已知是发生在对声音,触摸和光线敏感的神经元中,促使研究人员询问是否将相同的现象应用于运动系统中的神经元与运动有关。

“当你走进明亮的夏日的阳光下,你眯着眼睛,视网膜神经元使用动态范围适应来自动提高敏感度,这样你就可以清楚地看到,直到云层再次通过,” 这项研究的第一作者、匹兹堡大学医学院的学生Robert Rasmussen博士说。“这个功能允许大脑通过有效利用其有限资源来更好地编码信息,我们想知道我们的大脑是否以相同的方式编码运动。

结果表明动态范围适应确实发生在运动皮质神经元。基于这些发现,研究人员得出结论,这个特征在整个大脑中是广泛的。

“我们发现动态范围适应并不局限于大脑的感觉区域,而是皮质的无处不在的编码特征。”匹兹堡大学神经生物学和系统神经科学系主任Andrew Schwart说,“我们的研究结果表明,它是信息处理的一个特征,您的大脑使用它来有效地处理任何给出的信息 - 无论是光,声音,触摸,或运动,这是一个令人兴奋的结果,将激励进一步研究运动学习和未来的临床应用研究”。

该研究发表在了4月18日的《eLife》杂志上。

原始出处:

Rasmussen RC, Schwartz A and Chase SM. Dynamic range adaptation in primary motor cortical populations. eLife 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21409.

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    2017-05-19 clmlylxy
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068498, encodeId=bc56206849841, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri May 19 06:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972997, encodeId=9f2a19e299796, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 14:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188962, encodeId=395c18896285, content=阅读了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 05:47:31 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188950, encodeId=5356188950ca, content=学习了,继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 01:29:29 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188914, encodeId=45591889147d, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ca432042642, createdName=lemon985, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 00:11:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-01-18 膀胱癌
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068498, encodeId=bc56206849841, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=59371088215' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Life#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10882, encryptionId=59371088215, topicName=Life)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Fri May 19 06:45:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1972997, encodeId=9f2a19e299796, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=72d566e3a6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#eLife#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6673, encryptionId=72d566e3a6, topicName=eLife)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/C2EFD5CFB07FE291138AD4FD0C98E3DE/100, createdBy=e3d52500031, createdName=膀胱癌, createdTime=Thu Jan 18 14:45:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188962, encodeId=395c18896285, content=阅读了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/21/72142930668371951a41ef4ea4b233e6.jpg, createdBy=dcbc1715228, createdName=刘煜, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 05:47:31 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188950, encodeId=5356188950ca, content=学习了,继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 01:29:29 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=188914, encodeId=45591889147d, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ca432042642, createdName=lemon985, createdTime=Thu Apr 20 00:11:40 CST 2017, time=2017-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-20 刘煜

    阅读了谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-04-20 半夏微凉

    学习了,继续关注!

    0

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    2017-04-20 lemon985

    厉害

    0

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