Cell Stem Cell:金颖教授发现干细胞自我更新的重要机制

2016-12-14 佚名 生物通

我们的机体在不断地发生改变:新细胞不断替换特化细胞来维持皮肤、肠、血液和其他组织,或在损伤后修复它们。由于分化细胞通常无法分裂,更新几乎总是由组织特异性的干细胞来完成,它们能够不断地生成新细胞。但是这其中具体的机制至今科学家们并不是十分清楚。近期来自中科院上海生科院,上海交通大学医学院健康科学研究所的研究人员利用人全基因组范围转录因子siRNA文库筛选了参与人ESC自我更新的转录因子,发现一系列对


我们的机体在不断地发生改变:新细胞不断替换特化细胞来维持皮肤、肠、血液和其他组织,或在损伤后修复它们。由于分化细胞通常无法分裂,更新几乎总是由组织特异性的干细胞来完成,它们能够不断地生成新细胞。但是这其中具体的机制至今科学家们并不是十分清楚。

近期来自中科院上海生科院,上海交通大学医学院健康科学研究所的研究人员利用人全基因组范围转录因子siRNA文库筛选了参与人ESC自我更新的转录因子,发现一系列对维持人ESC特性具有重要作用的基因。其中特别指出了PHB作为HIRA复合体新成员在调控人胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells, ESC)自我更新中的重要作用及作用机制。

这一研究成果公布在12月8日的Cell Stem Cell杂志上,文章的通讯作者是上海交通大学医学院金颖教授,金教授主要从事信号传导和致癌分子的作用机制的研究。1999年回到上海,在上海交通大学医学院发育生物学研究室,开始从事胚胎干细胞的研究。2001年担任中国科学院上海生命科学院/上海交通大学医学院健康科学研究所的干细胞研究课题组组长。

众所周知,ESC在体外可无限自我更新和分化为机体内任何种类的细胞,在器官再生和细胞替代治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。然而,人ESC维持自我更新及发育多能性的分子调控机制还有很多问题尚不清楚,妨碍了将其分化的细胞安全有效地应用于临床。因此,对人ESC如何维持其自身特性的机制进行深入的研究尤为重要。

在这项研究中,研究人员利用人全基因组范围转录因子siRNA文库筛选了参与人ESC自我更新的转录因子,发现一系列对维持人ESC特性具有重要作用的基因。他们特别研究了其中的PHB基因。以往的研究已经知道PHB参与哺乳类动物细胞的多种重要生命过程。但是,该基因在ESC中功能尚无报道。金颖组的研究发现PHB在维持人ESC自我更新和促进人成体细胞的重编程过程中都发挥着重要的作用,特别是PHB在维持人ESC正确的组蛋白甲基化修饰方面发挥着独特的作用。进一步的研究发现,PHB可以和组蛋白变异体H3.3的伴侣蛋白HIRA复合体相互作用,并维持HIRA复合体成分的蛋白质稳定性。

此外,研究人员发现在人ESC中,PHB和HIRA共同调控着全基因组范围内H3.3在染色质上的富集,特别是参与调控H3.3在异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenases, IDHs)基因启动子区域的富集及IDH基因的表达,从而控制对ESC命运具有重要作用的关键代谢产物a-酮戊二酸(a-ketoglutarate, a-KG)的产生,进而塑造正确的组蛋白甲基化水平,维持人hESC自我更新和表观遗传学特性。

Based on a genome-wide siRNA screen, Jin and colleagues identify PHB as a key factor in hESC self-renewal. PHB forms a complex with HIRA to regulate histone H3.3 deposition and expression of a range of genes, including some related to metabolic circuitry.

这项研究通过全基因组范围的大规模siRNA筛选揭示了PHB在多能性调控中的关键作用,报道了PHB通过和HIRA复合体发生相互作用共同调控着H3.3在染色质上的富集。该研究还首次揭示HIRA复合体及H3.3对IDH基因表达和关键代谢产物a-KG产生的重要调控作用,提出了人ESC特性维持的表观-代谢调控环路。

原始出处:
Zhexin Zhu, Chunliang Li,et al.PHB Associates with the HIRA Complex to Control an Epigenetic-Metabolic Circuit in Human ESCs.Cell Stem Cell. December 8, 2016

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    2017-06-12 维他命
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    2016-12-14 lovetcm

    金颖教授工作出色

    0

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    2016-12-14 dhzzm

    学习了,很好

    0

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